Sandwiched Ruthenium/Carbon Nanostructures for Highly Active Heterogeneous Hydrogenation

Abstract

The immobilization of metal nanoparticles in the framework of porous carbon for heterogeneous catalysis may avoid particle aggregation, movement, and leaching, thus leading to a high catalyst efficiency. In this Full Paper, an approach to prepare Ru nanoparticles incorporated into the pore walls of porous carbon to form a sandwiched Ru/C nanostructure for heterogeneous hydrogenation is demonstrated. Physical adsorption of nitrogen, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, field‐emission transmission electron microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy techniques are employed to study the structure and morphology of the catalysts. Catalytic results show that the Ru nanoparticles sandwiched in the pore walls of porous carbon display a remarkably high activity and stability in the hydrogenation of benzene. An enhanced hydrogen spillover effect is believed to play a significant role in the hydrogenation reaction because of the intimate interfacial contact between Ru nanoparticles and the carbon support. The catalyst system described in this work may offer a new concept for optimizing catalyst nanostructures.

Thermally Reduced Ruthenium Nanoparticles as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Monoaromatics

“…The concentrations of the monoaromatics were quantified at a wavelength of 254 nm on the basis of a standard calibration curve constructed prior to the quantitative analysis using an eluent of 95% n-hexane plus 5% isopropyl alcohol at a flow rate of 1 mL/min under isobaric conditions. The mean catalytic activity of a catalyst was calculated as the conversion of mol of benzene (or toluene)/(mol of Ru/h), 16,20 which could be used directly to compare the efficiency of the various catalysts. Figure 1 shows the N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for the catalyst supports used in this work.…”

Solventless synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles

“…Nevertheless, the method of synthesis used to obtain ruthenium nanoparticles has proven to be critical for a posterior application [24]. Different techniques have been developed to obtain them.…”

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis And Characterizatıon of Novel RuxM1-xAl2O3 Nanoparticles

“…Ru is an important member of the group of platinum metals, cheaper than Pd or Pt, and its nanoparticles (Ru NPs) show very unique and interesting activities as a catalyst [8]. For example, they can act as major catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of monoaromatics [9], methanol fuel cells [10], synthesis of diesel fuels [11], and removal of organic pollutants from water [12], etc. Out of many methods used for the synthesis of NPs, the use of microwave dielectric heating has been shown to dramatically reduce processing times, increase product yields, and enhance product purity compared to many other processes [13].…”