Thermally Reduced Ruthenium Nanoparticles as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Monoaromatics

A MnO 2 @BP nanocomposite was synthesized by simultaneously reduction of KMnO 4 with Mn(CH 3 COO) 2 .4H 2 O and highly porous Black Pearls 2000 at room temperature. The specific surface area, porosity, crystalline form and conductivity of MnO 2 @BP nanocomposite were characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and 4-point probe measurements, respectively. The content of MnO 2 and BP in the composite was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Chemical mapping using Raman spectroscopy was performed to investigate the distribution of MnO 2 and BP in a composite electrode film prepared with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as binder. This composite electrode exhibits more homogeneously distributed MnO 2 particles when compared to an electrode made by physical mixing of MnO 2 , BP and PTFE (MnO 2 /BP-PTFE). Also, Raman spectroscopy data of both composite electrodes indicates a loss of electrical conductivity of BP in the case of MnO 2 @BP-PTFE. The electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous 0.65 M K 2 SO 4 . The specific capacitance of MnO 2 @BP-PTFE composite electrode was 122 ± 5 F/g, which is statistically equivalent to the capacitance of MnO 2 /BP-PTFE composite electrode (129 ± 6 F/g Owing to its large theoretical capacitance, low cost, environmental friendliness and high density, manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) is an ideal candidate for positive electrode in asymmetric electrochemical capacitor.1-4 However the performance of MnO 2 -based electrodes is limited by the low electrical and ionic conductivities of MnO 2 . Approaches to increase the low specific capacitance of MnO 2 -based electrode include the addition of a conductive additive such as carbons [5][6][7][8][9] or conductive polymers 10-14 to MnO 2 for the fabrication of a composite electrode. On the other hand, the deposition of a thin MnO 2 layer on carbon with various (nano)architectures 7,15-24 yielded high capacitance (∼700 F/g) when only the mass of MnO 2 was taking into account. 1,8,9,16 Such composite electrodes show typical specific capacitance in the range of 150-250 F/g. Thus, the reported specific capacitance per mass of manganese dioxide is more dependent on the quantity of MnO 2 than the nature of the conductive carbon. 5,8,9,16,[21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Obtaining good electrochemical performance for MnO 2 -based composite electrodes requires that the electrical contact between MnO 2 and the carbon to be as intimate as possible. 21,34 An attractive approach to achieve it, involves the deposition of MnO 2 onto carbon. 15,22,31,[34][35][36][37][38] By this mean, the effective interfacial area between manganese oxide and the solution is greatly increased. Moreover the contact between MnO 2 and carbon will lead to a high electronic conductivity. MnO 2 has been deposited onto a carbon support by various methods such as sol-gel route, thermal decomposition, electrodeposition, sonochemical synthesis, and redox reaction. 18,31,[34][35]...

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“…57,60 All MnO 2 -carbon composites present a weight loss of approximately 6% between room temperature and 150…”

Section: Xrd Characterization-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Mapping and Electrochemical Performance of Manganese Dioxide/Activated Carbon Based Composite Electrode for Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitor

Gambou-Bosca

Bélanger

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Recently, Su et al [210] reported a simple thermal reduction method for preparing Ru NPs supported on mesoporous SBA silica, surface-carbon-coated SBA or templated mesoporous carbon. The Ru NPs exhibited good dispersion and resistance against oxidation, lack of aggregation and pore blocking, and less leaching.…”

Section: Nps Supported On Metal Oxides or Carbon Supportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition‐metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue

Pachón

Rothenberg

2008

Applied Organom Chemis

415

202

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This perspective examines the state-of-the-art of catalysis by metal nanoparticles. We outline various methods for preparing metal nanoparticle suspensions, and highlight the role of the stabilizers and the stabilizing principles. Subsequently, we examine some catalytic applications of homometallic and bimetallic nanoparticle suspensions in a variety of reactions. The cases are divided according to the stabilizing agent: polymers, dendrimers, ionic liquids, surfactants, micelles and micoremulsions, ligands and solid supports. We explain the importance of atom/ion leaching (all too frequent in nanoparticle catalysis, especially for the catalytically active group VIII metals) and consider ways of minimizing it. The future perspectives of nanoparticles as catalysts are discussed.

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“…It is a low-cost material than that of Pd and Pt. Ruthenium nanoparticles were used in many applications such as catalytic dehydrogenation [3], methanol fuel cells [4], synthesis of diesel fuels [5], azo dye degradation [6], removal of organic pollutants from water [7] and so on. Synthesis of Ru NPs is usually carried out by various physical and chemical methods such as microwave irradiation [6,8], sonochemical method [9], hydrothermal method [10] and electrochemical method [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of ruthenium nanoparticles synthesized using Gloriosa superba L. leaf extract

et al. 2014

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This work reports an ecofriendly approach for the synthesis of Ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Gloriosa superba. G. superba contains cholidonic, superbine, colchicine, gloriosol, phytosterils and stigmasterin, which are found to be responsible for the bio-reduction of Ru NPs. The synthesized Ru NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectra, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX analyses. UV-Vis spectra of the aqueous medium containing Ru NPs showed a gradual decrease of the absorbance peak observed at 494 nm. Fluorescence spectra of Ru NPs emission (k em ) exhibited at 464 nm are attributed to the Ru=N p bonds transition. The biomolecules responsible for the reduction of Ru NPs were analyzed by FTIR. XRD results confirmed the presence of Ru NPs with hexagonal crystal structure. The calculated crystallite sizes using Scherrer formula are in the range from 25 to 90 nm. Scanning electron microscopy ascertained spherical nature of the Ru NPs. The EDX analysis showed the complete elemental composition of the synthesized Ru NPs. The synthesized Ru NPs exhibited good antibacterial performance against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, which was studied using standard disc diffusion method. The synthesis of Ru NPs by this method is rapid, facile and can be used for various applications.

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Thermally Reduced Ruthenium Nanoparticles as a Highly Active Heterogeneous Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Monoaromatics

Cited by 171 publications

References 92 publications

Chemical Mapping and Electrochemical Performance of Manganese Dioxide/Activated Carbon Based Composite Electrode for Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitor

Chemical Mapping and Electrochemical Performance of Manganese Dioxide/Activated Carbon Based Composite Electrode for Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitor

Transition‐metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue

Antibacterial activity of ruthenium nanoparticles synthesized using Gloriosa superba L. leaf extract

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