Sandwich Structures at Oil–Water Interfaces under Alkaline Conditions

Adsorption isotherms of associating asphaltenes at oil/water interfaces based on the dependence of interfacial tension on solvent activity

“…The asphaltenes precipitated in Step 9 were separated by Step 16 to low LM-Ath-C7 and high HM-Ath-C7 molar mass fractions. The water-soluble natural surfactants [59][60][61][62] and salts produced during alkaline extraction of bitumen from oilsand were removed by water extraction in Step 12. It is important to note that all solids with nominal diameter higher than 0.2 µm were removed by a combined centrifugation and filtration in Steps 7 and 8.…”

Model molecules mimicking asphaltenes

“…multilayers, could play a role in the stabilisation of petroleum emulsions under some conditions [131][132][133][134] . However this aspect needs more work to document a universal mechanism.…”

Effect of organic alkali on interfacial tensions of surfactant solutions against crude oils

“…M a n u s c r i p t 10 In order to expound the mechanism responsible for reducing IFT in organic alkali-crude oil systems, the dynamic IFT of four organic alkalis with different structures have been measured and the minimum and equilibrium IFT values of GD1# have been plotted in Figure 5.…”

“…After that, numerous reports involving the mechanisms responsible for the IFT behavior between acidic oil and alkaline solution have been published. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The IFT value of the crude oil can also be reduced dramatically by the application of an appropriate surfactant. Anionic surfactants (such as petroleum sulfonate and alkyl benzene sulfonate) and nonionic surfactants (such as Triton X-100) have been widely used in EOR due to their high interfacial activity, extensive source and lower cost.…”