Sand-granulated rubber mixture to prevent liquefaction-induced uplift of buried pipes: a shaking table study

Ecemis, Nurhan; Valizadeh, Hassan; Karaman, Mustafa

doi:10.1007/s10518-021-01091-3

Cited by 28 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Observations of the damages by earthquake-induced liquefaction indicates that liquefaction occurrence is one of the biggest threats to any structure [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In this regard, a considerable number of studies are conducted on the liquefaction potential and liquefaction-induced settlements and displacements [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and also on the mitigation of the liquefaction hazard [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Sand Reinforced by Cement-Grouted Micropiles: An Evolutionary Approach Based on Shaking Table Tests

et al. 2023

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Cement-grouted injections are increasingly employed as a countermeasure material against liquefaction in active seismic areas; however, there is no methodology to thoroughly and directly evaluate the liquefaction potential of saturated sand materials reinforced by the cement grout-injected micropiles. To this end, first, a series of 1 g shaking table model tests are conducted. Time histories of pore water pressures, excess pore water pressure ratios (ru), and the number of required cycles (Npeak) to liquefy the soil are obtained and modified lower and upper boundaries are suggested for the potential of liquefaction of both pure and grout-reinforced sand. Next, adopting genetic programming and the least square method in the framework of the evolutionary polynomial regression technique, high-accuracy predictive equations are developed for the estimation of rumax. Based on the results of a three-dimensional, graphical, multiple-variable parametric (MVP) analysis, and introducing the concept of the critical, boundary inclination angle, the inclination of micropiles is shown to be more effective in view of liquefaction resistivity for loose sands. Due to a lower critical boundary inclination angle, the applicability range for inclining micropiles is narrower for the medium-dense sands. MVP analyses show that the effects of a decreasing spacing ratio on decreasing rumax are amplified while micropiles are inclined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Sand Reinforced by Cement-Grouted Micropiles: An Evolutionary Approach Based on Shaking Table Tests

et al. 2023

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“…Pipelines are considered energy arteries of modern industry and are widely employed to transmit water, wastewater, petroleum and gas. 12 A continuous pipeline system subjected to dynamic excitations fails in the pipe body due to tension, compression and bending loadings, and therefore, determining stresses in the straight segments of such pipelines when subjected to dynamic ground motions is crucial for pipe safety design and seismic risk analysis. Zhou and Dong 13 showed that for free-spanning submarine pipes with simple support and fixed support conditions when subjected to seismic loading, the maximum strain occurred at pipe mid-span and that larger strains occurred in simply supported pipes when compared to pipes with fixed ends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic behaviour of flax fibre-reinforced polymer pipes subjected to harmonic excitation

Firouzsalari

Dizhur

Jayaraman

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Substitution of flax fibres for synthetic fibres in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has recently been considered an effective step towards achieving more sustainable industrial practices, enabled by the fact that flax fibre has mechanical properties that are comparable to that for glass fibre. Three flax FRP (FFRP) pipes with the same length and internal diameter but having variations in the wall thickness were manufactured. The pipes had a fixed end and had a free end and were tested for 54 harmonic excitations with various dynamic properties when the pipes were buried or were unburied. The effect of shaking frequency, peak ground acceleration, wall thickness and soil cover on the dynamic response of the FFRP pipes was investigated. Finite element modelling was also used to verify the experimental results and to study the pipe behaviour when subjected to harmonic excitations. Results showed that while for the unburied pipes, the maximum pipe strain occurred at the cross-section next to the fixed end; for buried pipes, the largest strain developed at various cross-sections along the pipe length.

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“…GSI allows a reduction of the seismic risk by including into the soil the geomaterial layers with better dynamic properties (Banović et al 2018) or other materials able to reduce accelerations at ground surface. Among the latter, rubber is receiving great attention because of its dissipative properties, low costs and the environmental sustainability of the interventions based on the use of recycled materials (Argyroudis et al 2016;Brunet et al 2016;Chew and Leong, 2019;Tsang and Pitilakis, 2019;Ecemis et al 2021;Tsang et al 2021;Rios et al 2021;Pitilakis et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Polyurethane Foam Effects on Geotechnical Seismic Isolation

Gatto

Lentini

Montrasio

2021

Preprint

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The paper focuses on the detailed analysis of the dynamic characterisation of polyurethane to evaluate the effects of polyurethane injections into the soil with the aim of geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI). To determine the dynamic properties, resonant column (RC) tests were performed at the University Kore of Enna (Italy) on specimens of pure polyurethane (PUR) with different values of density and subjected to different mean confining pressures. The results obtained by means of RC tests, in terms of shear modulus G and the damping ratio D as a function of shear strain γc, allowed to develop an analytical formulation for G- γc and D- γc curves, taking into account the linear relationship with density of both the maximum value of shear modulus Gmax and the minimum value of damping ratio Dmin. The analytical formulation derived from the experimental results is applied for ground response seismic analyses of cohesive soils injected with polyurethane, using a finite element code. The numerical results show that the polyurethane injections reduce the value of maximum acceleration at ground surface and the reduction ranges with the thickness of the soil involved by polyurethane injection.

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Sand-granulated rubber mixture to prevent liquefaction-induced uplift of buried pipes: a shaking table study

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Sand Reinforced by Cement-Grouted Micropiles: An Evolutionary Approach Based on Shaking Table Tests

Liquefaction Potential of Saturated Sand Reinforced by Cement-Grouted Micropiles: An Evolutionary Approach Based on Shaking Table Tests

Dynamic behaviour of flax fibre-reinforced polymer pipes subjected to harmonic excitation

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Polyurethane Foam Effects on Geotechnical Seismic Isolation

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