Sand fly feeding on noxious plants: a potential method for the control of leishmaniasis.

Schlein, Yosef; Jacobson, Raymond L.; Müller, Gunter C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.300

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…gambiae , we investigated only ingestion of sugar. Recent studies on other mosquito species ( Culex pipiens molestus Forskal and Aedes caspius Pallas), including other Anopheles ( Anopheles sergentii Theobald and Anopheles claviger Meigen) (Schlein & Müller, 1995; Müller & Schlein, 2005), as well as Schlein’s work on sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Schlein & Jacobson, 1994; Schlein & Müller, 1995; Schlein et al , 2001), suggest that more than sugar might be relevant; plant tissues have also been identified from mosquito and sandfly guts. We are currently investigating how the fitness of An .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminative feeding behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western Kenya

Manda

Gouagna

Nyandat

et al. 2007

Medical Vet Entomology

128

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Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) is known to feed on plant sugars, but this is the first experimental study to consider whether it discriminates between plant species. Thirteen perennial plant species were selected on the basis of their local availability within the vicinity of human dwellings and larval habitats of An. gambiae s.s. in western Kenya. Groups of 100 or 200 mosquitoes were released into cages either with a cutting of one plant type at a time (single-plant assay) or with cuttings of all 13 plants simultaneously (choice assay), respectively, and left overnight. In the choice assay, direct observations of the percentages of mosquitoes perching or feeding on each plant were recorded over four 1-h periods each night. For both types of assay, mosquitoes were recaptured and the percentage that had fed on plants was assessed by testing them individually for the presence of fructose. To identify which plants the choice-assay mosquitoes had fed on, gas chromatography (GC) profiles of samples of mosquito homogenates were compared with GC profiles of extracts from relevant parts of each plant. Four of the plants that were observed to have been fed on most frequently in the choice assay (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Tecoma stans L., Ricinus communis L., and Senna didymobotrya Fresen) were also shown to have been ingested most often by mosquitoes in both types of assay, suggesting that An. gambiae is differentially responsive to this range of plants, regardless of whether the plants were presented singly or mixed together. Significantly more females than males fed on plants, with the exception of P. hysterophorus L., one of the plants most frequently fed on. For most plant species (ten of 13), GC profiles indicated that An. gambiae obtained sugars primarily from flowers. The exceptions were P. hysterophorus L., Lantana camara L. and R. communis L., on which An. gambiae fed more often from leaves and stems than from flowers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminative feeding behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western Kenya

Manda

Gouagna

Nyandat

et al. 2007

Medical Vet Entomology

128

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“…Larvae feed on the decomposing organic materials in these sites and the adults can therefore acquire a part of their microflora during their larval development. Furthermore, male and female sand flies feed daily on natural sugars, especially nectars or sap secretions and drink water from plants [7]. These sugars are the main source of carbohydrates for adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microflora from the Midgut and Cuticle of Phlebotomine Sand Flies Collected in North-Western Iran

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPhlebotomine sand flies are the vectors of the leishmaniases, parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania spp. Little is known about the prevalence and diversity of sand fly microflora colonizing the midgut or the cuticle. Particularly, there is little information on the fungal diversity. This information is important for development of vector control strategies.Methodology/Principal FindingsFive sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti, P. kandelakii, P. perfiliewi and P. halepensis were caught in Bileh Savar and Kaleybar in North-Western Iran that are located in endemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis. A total of 35 specimens were processed. Bacterial and fungal strains were identified by routine microbiological methods. We characterized 39 fungal isolates from the cuticle and/or the midgut. They belong to six different genera including Penicillium (17 isolates), Aspergillus (14), Acremonium (5), Fusarium (1), Geotrichum (1) and Candida (1). We identified 33 Gram-negative bacteria: Serratia marcescens (9 isolates), Enterobacter cloacae (6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (6), Klebsiella ozaenae (4), Acinetobacter sp. (3), Escherichia coli (3), Asaia sp. (1) and Pantoea sp. (1) as well as Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (5) and Micrococcus luteus (5) in 10 isolates.Conclusion/SignificanceOur study provides new data on the microbiotic diversity of field-collected sand flies and for the first time, evidence of the presence of Asaia sp. in sand flies. We have also found a link between physiological stages (unfed, fresh fed, semi gravid and gravid) of sand flies and number of bacteria that they carry. Interestingly Pantoea sp. and Klebsiella ozaenae have been isolated in Old World sand fly species. The presence of latter species on sand fly cuticle and in the female midgut suggests a role for this arthropod in dissemination of these pathogenic bacteria in endemic areas. Further experiments are required to clearly delineate the vectorial role (passive or active) of sand flies.

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“…In Israel, P. papatasi has been studied mainly in domestic and peri‐domestic habitats (Sawalha et al 2003, Orshan et al 2010, Kravchenko et al 2004, Schlein et al 2001). In arid environments, this sand fly species is rarely found far from rodent burrows or human habitations (Schlein and Yuval 1987, Yuval et al 1988, Wasserberg et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of resting habitats of adult Phlebotomus papatasi in Neot Hakikar, an oasis south of the Dead Sea

Müller

Kravchenko

Rybalov

et al. 2011

Journal of Vector Ecology

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Knowledge about diurnal resting sites of sand flies is scanty and often anecdotal. In this study, we explored a part natural -part agricultural oasis in Neot Hakikar, Israel, looking for sand fly resting sites. To achieve this, we developed a new type of emergence trap. Sixteen types of microhabitats were examined and in seven of these, we also investigated the rodent burrows. We found that Phlebotomus papatasi showed clear preferences for resting sites characterized by vegetation cover, type of vegetation, and the presence of a mulch layer. In habitats with bare soil and little shade, few or no resting sand flies were found outside rodent burrows. Apart from the trunks of date trees, most resting P. papatasi were found in disturbed habitats, especially in large piles of organic waste and in a plowed field. Though catches from rodent burrow exits were always higher than from the nearby ground, it is safe to assume that the few burrows in this vast oasis do not play an important role for breeding and resting of P. papatasi. It also appears that disturbing the natural environment further increases the already considerable sand fly population. Journal of Vector Ecology 36 (Supplement 1): S179-S186. 2011.

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Sand fly feeding on noxious plants: a potential method for the control of leishmaniasis.

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

Discriminative feeding behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western Kenya

Discriminative feeding behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western Kenya

Diversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microflora from the Midgut and Cuticle of Phlebotomine Sand Flies Collected in North-Western Iran

Characteristics of resting habitats of adult Phlebotomus papatasi in Neot Hakikar, an oasis south of the Dead Sea

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