Sampling-standardized expansion and collapse of reef building in the Phanerozoic

Kiessling, Wolfgang

doi:10.1002/mmng.200700008

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…which is in accordance with previous studies on the geologic record of reefs (Kiessling et al, 2000;Kiessling, 2006Kiessling, , 2008. Therefore, only the most extreme depressions are identified as significant reef crises.…”

Section: Calcareous Brachiopodssupporting

confidence: 92%

On the potential for ocean acidification to be a general cause of ancient reef crises

Kiessling

Simpson

2010

Global Change Biology

225

190

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Anthropogenic rise in the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere leads to global warming and acidification of the oceans. Ocean acidification (OA) is harmful to many organisms but especially to those that build massive skeletons of calcium carbonate, such as reef corals. Here, we test the recent suggestion that OA leads not only to declining calcification of reef corals and reduced growth rates of reefs but may also have been a trigger of ancient reef crises and mass extinctions in the sea. We analyse the fossil record of biogenic reefs and marine organisms to (1) assess the timing and intensity of ancient reef crises, (2) check which reef crises were concurrent with inferred pulses of carbon dioxide concentrations and (3) evaluate the correlation between reef crises and mass extinctions and their selectivity in terms of inferred physiological buffering. We conclude that four of five global metazoan reef crises in the last 500 Myr were probably at least partially governed by OA and rapid global warming. However, only two of the big five mass extinctions show geological evidence of OA.

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Section: Calcareous Brachiopodssupporting

confidence: 92%

On the potential for ocean acidification to be a general cause of ancient reef crises

Kiessling

Simpson

2010

Global Change Biology

225

190

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“…The closest Mesozoic analogues of these percomorph groups appear to be †pycnodonts, an anatomically diverse clade of stem teleosts that survived the K-P and persisted until the mid-Eocene (Nursall 1996). Instead, the radiation of these particular percomorph clades has been linked to the ascendance of scleractinian-dominated reefs in the early Palaeogene (Kiessling 2008). The correlation between ecological association with reefs and elevated rates of diversification demonstrated for some modern acanthomorph clades (Alfaro et al 2007(Alfaro et al , 2009a, combined with strong evidence for reefs as cradles of biodiversity throughout the Phanerozoic (Kiessling et al 2010), lends weight to this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussion (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosive morphological diversification of spiny-finned teleost fishes in the aftermath of the end-Cretaceous extinction

2010

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The spiny-finned teleost fishes (Acanthomorpha) include nearly one-third of all living vertebrate species and assume a bewildering array of bodyplans, but the macroevolutionary assembly of modern acanthomorph biodiversity remains largely unexplored. Here, I reconstruct the trajectory of morphological diversification in this major radiation from its first appearance in the Late Cretaceous to the Miocene using a geometric morphometric database comprising more than 600 extinct species known from complete body fossils. The anatomical diversity (disparity) of acanthomorphs is low throughout the Cretaceous, increases sharply and significantly in the wake of the Cretaceous -Palaeogene (K -P) extinction, and shows little change throughout subsequent Cenozoic intervals. This pattern of morphological diversification appears robust to two potential biasing factors: the 'Lagerstätten effect', and the non-random segregation of rare and common taxa along phenotypic axes. Dissecting the trajectory of acanthomorph radiation along phylogenetic lines reveals that the abrupt post-extinction increase in disparity is driven largely by the proliferation of trophically diverse modern groups within Percomorpha, a spiny-fin subclade containing more than 15 000 living species and identified as showing a substantially elevated diversification rate relative to background vertebrate levels. A major component of the Palaeogene acanthomorph radiation reflects colonization of morphospace previously occupied by nonacanthomorph victims of the K-P. However, other aspects of morphological diversification cannot be explained by this simple ecological release model, suggesting that multiple factors contributed to the prolific anatomical radiation of acanthomorphs.

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Modularity explains large-scale reef booms in Earth’s history

Raja

Pandolfi

Kiessling

2023

Facies

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Drivers of reef decline are well known both today and in the geological past. Considerably less is known about the preconditions for a pantropical expansion of coral reefs. The geological record of reef building is characterised by considerably long intervals with very limited reef expansion and geologically brief (< 20 million years) episodes of prolific, pantropical reef growth. Here, we propose a new "co-occurrence hypothesis" (COH), which posits that reefs thrive when fast-growing hypercalcifiers co-occur with encrusting organisms such as calcifying microbes or coralline algae to construct wave-resistant structures. While there is little evidence of the effect of abiotic drivers on reef proliferation, we find that positive co-occurrence patterns are significantly more common in reefal as compared to non-reefal communities, suggesting that biological interactions are more relevant in reefs than in non-reefs. Supporting COH, we also show that reefs after the end-Permian mass extinction became more modular in nature with limited membership in reef assemblages during reef booms than in typical periods of reef growth (background intervals). Modularity in reefs may have led to the stabilisation of reef ecosystems, giving them the ability to recover from small perturbations, promoting reefal carbonate accretion and prolific reef growth.

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Sampling-standardized expansion and collapse of reef building in the Phanerozoic

Cited by 10 publications

References 46 publications

On the potential for ocean acidification to be a general cause of ancient reef crises

On the potential for ocean acidification to be a general cause of ancient reef crises

Explosive morphological diversification of spiny-finned teleost fishes in the aftermath of the end-Cretaceous extinction

Modularity explains large-scale reef booms in Earth’s history

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