Explosive morphological diversification of spiny-finned teleost fishes in the aftermath of the end-Cretaceous extinction

Friedman, Matt

doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.2177

Cited by 208 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The rapid Palaeogene diversification of Amphisbaeniformes and Rhineuridae appears to be an opportunistic radiation of the survivors of the extinction, as seen among mammals [36], birds [37] and teleosts [38]. This pattern of radiation has been proposed to characterize lizards as well [22] but our study is, to our knowledge, the first to provide both fossil and molecular evidence for post-Cretaceous radiation in a reptilian clade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction

et al. 2015

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Worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) are burrowing squamates that live as subterranean predators. Their underground existence should limit dispersal, yet they are widespread throughout the Americas, Europe and Africa. This pattern was traditionally explained by continental drift, but molecular clocks suggest a Cenozoic diversification, long after the break-up of Pangaea, implying dispersal. Here, we describe primitive amphisbaenians from the North American Palaeocene, including the oldest known amphisbaenian, and provide new and older molecular divergence estimates for the clade, showing that worm lizards originated in North America, then radiated and dispersed in the Palaeogene following the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) extinction. This scenario implies at least three trans-oceanic dispersals: from North America to Europe, from North America to Africa and from Africa to South America. Amphisbaenians provide a striking case study in biogeography, suggesting that the role of continental drift in biogeography may be overstated. Instead, these patterns support Darwin and Wallace's hypothesis that the geographical ranges of modern clades result from dispersal, including oceanic rafting. Mass extinctions may facilitate dispersal events by eliminating competitors and predators that would otherwise hinder establishment of dispersing populations, removing biotic barriers to dispersal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction

et al. 2015

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“…3). Subsequently, ecological release provided by the extinction allowed the survivors to stage an adaptive radiation, paralleling the adaptive radiations staged by mammals (6,45,46), birds (46,47), and fish (48). The community that emerges in the early Eocene is dominated by groups that are either minor components of the Cretaceous fauna or unknown from the Cretaceous, particularly the Anguidae, Iguanidae, Xantusiidae, Macrostomata, and Amphisbaenia (Fig.…”

Section: Recovery and Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Longrich

Bhullar

Gauthier

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

158

148

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Fig. 1. The phylogenetic distribution of ABO phenotypes and genotypes. Shown is a phylogenetic tree of primate species, with a summary of phenotypic/ genotypic information given in the first column, and the genetic basis for the A versus B phenotype provided in the second column (functionally important codons at positions 266 and 268 are in uppercase letters). See Dataset S1 for the source of information about phenotypes/genotypes. Only species with available divergence times are represented here (34 of 40). The phylogenetic tree is drawn to scale, with divergence times (on the x axis) in millions of years taken from ref. 29. OWM, Old World monkeys; NWM, New World monkeys. Under a model of convergent evolution, these data suggest that A is the ancestral allele, and a turnover (e.g., a neutral substitution) occurred on the branch leading to Old World monkeys. If instead, B were ancestral, all Old World monkeys would have had to serendipitously converge from ATG to TTG to encode a leucine, whereas all New World monkeys and hominoids would have had to converge to the CTG codon.

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“…graptolites | macroevolution | selection | diversification | nonadaptive radiation M ass extinction events are defined by their effect on taxonomic diversity, but they also have profound impacts on the biotic diversity of morphology and ecology (1)(2)(3). Quantitative assessments of morphological diversity, i.e., disparity, can shed light on the selectivity of extinction and add to our understanding of the ecological context of recovery patterns after extinction events (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Graptoloid diversity and disparity became decoupled during the Ordovician mass extinction

Bapst

Bullock

Melchin

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The morphological study of extinct taxa allows for analysis of a diverse set of macroevolutionary hypotheses, including testing for change in the magnitude of morphological divergence, extinction selectivity on form, and the ecological context of radiations. Late Ordovician graptoloids experienced a phylogenetic bottleneck at the Hirnantian mass extinction (∼445 Ma), when a major clade of graptoloids was driven to extinction while another clade simultaneously radiated. In this study, we developed a dataset of 49 ecologically relevant characters for 183 species with which we tested two main hypotheses: (i) could the biased survival of one graptoloid clade over another have resulted from morphological selectivity alone and (ii) are the temporal patterns of morphological disparity and innovation during the recovery consistent with an interpretation as an adaptive radiation resulting from ecological release? We find that a general model of morphological selectivity has a low probability of producing the observed pattern of taxonomic selectivity. Contrary to predictions from theory on adaptive radiations and ecological speciation, changes in disparity and species richness are uncoupled. We also find that the early recovery is unexpectedly characterized by relatively low morphological disparity and innovation, despite also being an interval of elevated speciation. Because it is necessary to invoke factors other than ecology to explain the graptoloid recovery, more complex models may be needed to explain recovery dynamics after mass extinctions.M ass extinction events are defined by their effect on taxonomic diversity, but they also have profound impacts on the biotic diversity of morphology and ecology (1-3). Quantitative assessments of morphological diversity, i.e., disparity, can shed light on the selectivity of extinction and add to our understanding of the ecological context of recovery patterns after extinction events (4,5).In this paper, we quantify the morphological dynamics of the Graptoloidea during the end-Ordovician mass extinction, which began ∼445 million years ago. This event is composed of two separate extinction episodes during the Hirnantian Stage (6) and is commonly referred to as the Hirnantian mass extinction (HME). These episodes of increased extinction rate are associated with the initiation and termination of a global cooling period in the first half of the Hirnantian, during which sea-surface temperatures dropped ∼5°C (7, 8).Graptoloids are an extinct clade of colonial zooplankton (Hemichordata) noted for their well-sampled fossil record and high rate of species turnover (9-11). Previous work on the effect of the HME on the Graptoloidea has revealed a tumultuous and complex pattern. The graptoloids experienced some of the highest extinction intensities among marine invertebrates during the HME (12), and the surviving taxa were a limited sample of pre-HME lineages. Before the mass extinction event, graptoloid lineages can be divided into two monophyletic clades that diverged more than 20 million...

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Explosive morphological diversification of spiny-finned teleost fishes in the aftermath of the end-Cretaceous extinction

Cited by 208 publications

References 51 publications

Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Graptoloid diversity and disparity became decoupled during the Ordovician mass extinction

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