Sampling rates required for digital recording of intracellular and extracellular cardiac potentials.

Abstract

Electrocardiograms and cardiac electrograms now frequently are measured for both clinical and experimental purposes by direct digital sampling, with no recording of the signal in analog form. This study examined the question of what sampling rates were required to measure accurately the continuous waveforms from the digital samples. Body surface waveforms and intracellular and extracellular waveforms measured directly from cardiac tissues were evaluated. Cardiac measurements included waveforms from the atrium, ventricle, atrioventricular transmission system and individual Purkinje strands. Sampling rates as high as 15,000 samples/sec were required to record accurately extracellular waveforms of the ventricular conduction system. Decreasing sampling rates were required as the recording site shifted through the ventricle to the body surface, where sampling rates as high as 1500 samples/sec were necessary.

Transmural and endocardial Purkinje activation in pigs before local myocardial activation after defibrillation shocks

“…While some studies have reported identification of Purkinje activation with plunge needles using sampling rates of 1 to 3 KHz, 4-6, 25, 26 other studies have indicated that sampling rates of 15−20 KHz are required to accurately record Purkinje fiber activation morphology. 27,28 Therefore, in this study a compromise of 8 KHz was used.…”

Minimum Bandwidth Requirements for Recording of Pediatric Electrocardiograms

“…The bandwidth, which is defined as the frequency range between low and high frequency cutoffs (Ϫ3 dB), should at least extend to the highest frequency component in the ECG signal. Many studies have been performed to determine the frequency content of the adult ECG, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] but only few studies addressed the frequency content of the pediatric ECG. 9,10 Riggs et al 9 studied the frequency spectrum of the ECG of only 8 children and concluded that the vast majority of information is confined to frequencies Ͻ100 Hz.…”

“…It has been questioned whether this rate is high enough to obtain accurate measurements in pediatric ECGs. 1,4,11 The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends 150 Hz as minimum bandwidth and 500 Hz as minimum sampling rate for recording pediatric ECGs, but these recommendations also state that it is unknown how far the bandwidth of systems has to extend due to the limitations of previous studies. 12 In the present study, we wanted to determine the minimum bandwidth requirements for recording pediatric ECGs with the use of a large set of ECGs recorded at a high sampling rate.…”

Signal processing of intracardiac recordings for the evaluation of propofol effects during atrial fibrillation.

“…Unipolar electrograms are typically filtered across a wider band, typically 0.05 to 300Hz. For practical purposes of activation mapping, sampling rates of 1,000Hz are generally adequate [71].…”