Sampling bioaerosols in plant pathology

McCartney, H. A.; Fitt, Bruce D.L.; Schmechel, Detlef

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(96)00438-7

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…At Grignon, vertical concentration profiles were measured at 6 heights (Table 1), 3 m and 10 m downwind from the source plot, using rotating-arm pollen traps (8,15). Wind speeds were measured at the same heights on the masts in order to estimate the horizontal flux through them.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Maize Pollen Emission and Deposition in Relation to Microclimate

Jarosz

Loubet

Durand

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT. The co-existence of genetically modified (GM) crops with conventional crops has become a subject of debate and inquiry. Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most cultivated crop plants in the world and there is a need to assess the risks of cross-pollination. Concentration and deposition rate downwind from different-sized maize crops were measured during three flowering seasons, together with micrometeorological conditions in the surrounding environment. Pollen release started once the air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increases above 0.2 to 0.5 kPa. Moreover, the dynamics of release was correlated with the dynamics of VPD surrounding the tassels. Horizontal deposition appeared to follow a power law over short distance downwind from the source, and the dispersal distance increased with the source canopy height, and the roughness length of the downwind canopy. This work also provides a data set containing both pollen measurements and contrasting weather conditions to validate dispersal models and further investigate maize pollen dispersal processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Maize Pollen Emission and Deposition in Relation to Microclimate

Jarosz

Loubet

Durand

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The construction of this spore trap is based on the description of Perkins and Leighton [30] and McCartney et al [31]. An electric motor rotates 2400 rpm with a 0.8 mm thick U-shaped, square section wire (Figure 1).…”

Section: Spore Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Dvořák

Janoš

Botella

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:The airborne inoculum of Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donnell, the fungal pathogen causing Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), is one of the main means of spread of the disease in forest stands and forest nurseries. Since this world-wide known pathogen was introduced in Europe, its biology in this newly infested area still remains scarcely known. To shed more light on this topic, we set up an experiment on a naturally PPC infested forest of Monterey pine in Galicia (NW Spain) with the following two goals: (i) to describe the seasonal spore dispersal pattern during one year of regular sampling and (ii) to assess the spatial spore dispersal pattern around the infested plot. Portable rotating arm spore traps were used and complemented with meteorological measurements. The abundance of F. circinatum spores in the samples was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with a hydrolysis probe. The results showed almost permanent occurrence of the air inoculum throughout the whole year, being detected in 27 of the 30 samplings. No clear temporal trends were observed, but a higher air inoculum was favoured by previous lower air temperatures and lower leaf wetness. Conversely, neither rainfall nor air humidity seemed to have any significant importance. The spatial spread of the inoculum was noted to be successful up to a distance of 1000 m in the wind direction, even with winds of just 5 m·s −1 . Our study shows that rotating arm spore traps combined with qPCR may be an efficient tool for F. circinatum detection.

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“…While the potential of these techniques for detection of airborne spores has been recognized for some time (12,14), there have been few reports on progress in this area. The use of immunoassay in the detection of airborne plant pathogenic fungi has been investigated (10,20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Integrated Air Sampling and DNA Analysis for Detection of Airborne Fungal Spores

Williams

Ward

McCartney

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

152

102

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Integrated air sampling and PCR-based methods for detecting airborne fungal spores, using Penicillium roqueforti as a model fungus, are described. P. roqueforti spores were collected directly into Eppendorf tubes using a miniature cyclone-type air sampler. They were then suspended in 0.1% Nonidet P-40, and counted using microscopy. Serial dilutions of the spores were made. Three methods were used to produce DNA for PCR tests: adding untreated spores to PCRs, disrupting spores (fracturing of spore walls to release the contents) using Ballotini beads, and disrupting spores followed by DNA purification. Three P. roqueforti-specific assays were tested: single-step PCR, nested PCR, and PCR followed by Southern blotting and probing. Disrupting the spores was found to be essential for achieving maximum sensitivity of the assay. Adding untreated spores to the PCR did allow the detection of P. roqueforti, but this was never achieved when fewer than 1,000 spores were added to the PCR. By disrupting the spores, with or without subsequent DNA purification, it was possible to detect DNA from a single spore. When known quantities of P. roqueforti spores were added to air samples consisting of high concentrations of unidentified fungal spores, pollen, and dust, detection sensitivity was reduced. P. roqueforti DNA could not be detected using untreated or disrupted spore suspensions added to the PCRs. However, using purified DNA, it was possible to detect 10 P. roqueforti spores in a background of 4,500 other spores. For all DNA extraction methods, nested PCR was more sensitive than single-step PCR or PCR followed by Southern blotting.Conventional methods for identifying and enumerating airborne fungi and other microorganisms rely on microscopic or cultural techniques and, as a consequence, are time-consuming and laborious. Additionally, microscopy is unreliable for detection of the small, nondescript spores produced by many fungi, while cultural techniques are unsuitable for detection of spores that are slow growing, or nonculturable in vitro and the choice of medium may influence which species can grow. These difficulties have restricted the use of routine air sampling in the study of plant, animal, and human diseases.Recently, however, molecular methods have been used in the development of diagnostic tests for a variety of fungi involved in plant diseases (8,25,26,28,30). While the potential of these techniques for detection of airborne spores has been recognized for some time (12,14), there have been few reports on progress in this area. The use of immunoassay in the detection of airborne plant pathogenic fungi has been investigated (10,20,21). However, the application of these methods is restricted by the difficulties of developing antibodies showing the required specificity. DNA-based detection methods offer greater potential for sensitive and specific detection, and some progress has been made in the detection of airborne bacteria using these techniques (1, 2, 9, 15, 17). Progress with fungi has been slower, although dete...

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Sampling bioaerosols in plant pathology

Cited by 60 publications

References 62 publications

Variations in Maize Pollen Emission and Deposition in Relation to Microclimate

Variations in Maize Pollen Emission and Deposition in Relation to Microclimate

Spore Dispersal Patterns of Fusarium circinatum on an Infested Monterey Pine Forest in North-Western Spain

Methods for Integrated Air Sampling and DNA Analysis for Detection of Airborne Fungal Spores

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