Sampling and Specialising in Children's Sport: Implications for Research and Coaching Practice

McLaren, Colin D.; Bruner, Mark W.; Murata, Alex; Martin, Luc J.; Côté, Jean

doi:10.4324/9781003199359-32

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“…Further, these differences were most apparent at higher intensities (i.e., lower duration MX metrics), which reflects the higher tempo and intermittent nature of physical activity in younger children [ 77 ]. Moreover, there is greater engagement in structured physical activity and sport among children compared to adolescents [ 65 ] as a consequence of various factors (e.g., greater activity/sport sampling among younger vs. increased specialisation among older groups [ 78 ], age-related drop-out from structured sport [ 79 ], and increased academic and social time demands among adolescents). When indicative thresholds for MPA and VPA were overlayed on the MX radar plots, sex-differences in the time accumulated in MVPA were observed, but more striking was the modest duration of accumulated VPA particularly among the oldest group (i.e., 10 and 2 min·day −1 for boys and girls, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values for wrist-worn accelerometer physical activity metrics in England children and adolescents

Fairclough

Rowlands

Cruz

et al. 2023

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Over the last decade use of raw acceleration metrics to assess physical activity has increased. Metrics such as Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO), and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) can be used to generate metrics which describe physical activity volume (average acceleration), intensity distribution (intensity gradient), and intensity of the most active periods (MX metrics) of the day. Presently, relatively little comparative data for these metrics exists in youth. To address this need, this study presents age- and sex-specific reference percentile values in England youth and compares physical activity volume and intensity profiles by age and sex. Methods Wrist-worn accelerometer data from 10 studies involving youth aged 5 to 15 y were pooled. Weekday and weekend waking hours were first calculated for youth in school Years (Y) 1&2, Y4&5, Y6&7, and Y8&9 to determine waking hours durations by age-groups and day types. A valid waking hours day was defined as accelerometer wear for ≥ 600 min·d−1 and participants with ≥ 3 valid weekdays and ≥ 1 valid weekend day were included. Mean ENMO- and MAD-generated average acceleration, intensity gradient, and MX metrics were calculated and summarised as weighted week averages. Sex-specific smoothed percentile curves were generated for each metric using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape. Linear mixed models examined age and sex differences. Results The analytical sample included 1250 participants. Physical activity peaked between ages 6.5–10.5 y, depending on metric. For all metrics the highest activity levels occurred in less active participants (3rd-50th percentile) and girls, 0.5 to 1.5 y earlier than more active peers, and boys, respectively. Irrespective of metric, boys were more active than girls (p < .001) and physical activity was lowest in the Y8&9 group, particularly when compared to the Y1&2 group (p < .001). Conclusions Percentile reference values for average acceleration, intensity gradient, and MX metrics have utility in describing age- and sex-specific values for physical activity volume and intensity in youth. There is a need to generate nationally-representative wrist-acceleration population-referenced norms for these metrics to further facilitate health-related physical activity research and promotion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%