Sampling and Analysis for Semivolatile Brominated Organics in Ambient Air

Zweidinger, Roy B.; Cooper, Stephen D.; Erickson, Mitchell D.; Michael, Larry C.; Pellizzari, Edo D.

doi:10.1021/bk-1979-0094.ch013

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In 1977, BTBPE was identified in air particulate samples taken using high-volume samplers on the grounds of a production site in El Dorado, Arkansas [11,12]. The concentrations found ranged from not detectable level to 183 ng/m 3 [11].…”

Section: Outdoor Air and Tree Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations found ranged from not detectable level to 183 ng/m 3 [11]. More recently, high-volume air samples were taken at a number of sites in the east-central USA within the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network (IADN).…”

Section: Outdoor Air and Tree Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide production/usage was estimated to be 16,710 tons in 2001 [9]. BTBPE was first identified in the environment in the 1970s in samples taken at or near the Great Lakes Chemical Corp./Chemtura production facility in El Dorado, Arkansas, USA [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

Wit

Kierkegaard

Ricklund

et al. 2010

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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A number of new brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are being found in the environment but the amount of data is still very small. The best studied emerging BFRs are 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and decabromodiphenyl ethane, with some data for hexabromobenzene, pentabromoethylbenzene, pentabromotoluene, tetrabromobisphenol A derivatives, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, 2-ethylhexyltetrabromobenzoate, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Very little data are available for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether, 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether, hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane, and octabromo-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-phenylindane. Indoor air concentrations are generally higher than outdoor air concentrations, indicating emissions from flame-retarded products. Their presence in indoor air and dust indicates possible human exposure from this pathway, but there are little human data available to determine this. The presence of several of these BFRs in fish, birds, and mammals indicates that they are bioavailable and can be absorbed and bioaccumulated. Their presence in outdoor air and in the Arctic indicates that several are capable of long range atmospheric transport. More data on these new BFRs are needed in order to determine if they pose unacceptable risks to the environment and to human health.

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Section: Outdoor Air and Tree Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outdoor Air and Tree Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment

Wit

Kierkegaard

Ricklund

et al. 2010

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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“…PBDD/Fs and PBDEs have been studied due to the intensive use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in a variety of commercial products (Wang et al 2008;WHO 1994). Several of their potential sources have been identified, including the manufacturing process of BFRs (Zweidinger et al 1979) and the manufacture, use, and disposal of BFRcontaining products (Hale et al 2002;Jakobsson et al 2002;Watanabea and Sakai 2003;Julander et al 2004;Takigami et al 2008;Wang et al 2010a, b). Thermal sources, such as waste incinerators and metal smelting plants, have also been recognized as important emission sources of PBDD/Fs and PBDEs .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient air concentrations of PCDD/Fs, coplanar PCBs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs and their impacts on vegetation and soil

Kuo

Chen

Lin

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The impact of persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentration in ambient air on vegetation and soil is investigated in the present study. Ambient air, vegetation, and soil samples were collected from the vicinity of an industrial complex. For each collected sample, the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (coplanar PCBs), brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) concentrations were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to explore the relationships between the concentration of each POP type in ambient air with those in soil and vegetation. Results show that particle-phase PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs, respectively, account for 60.6, 98.3, and 75.7 % of the total concentration in the air, which are much higher than that of coplanar PCB (5.2 %). Results obtained by PCA suggest that PCDD/Fs in vegetation are contributed by atmospheric gas-phase PCDD/Fs, whereas in soil they are contributed by particle-phase PCDD/Fs. Coplanar PCBs concentrations in both vegetation and soil are contributed by atmospheric gas-phase coplanar PCBs. PBDD/Fs concentrations are both contributed by particle phase. PBDEs in vegetation are contributed by both gas-and particle-phase PBDEs, while soil PBDEs are contributed mainly by the particle phase. In confirmation of these results, the researchers found that the above results are consistent with those obtained from theoretical calculations and previous studies. Therefore, it is concluded that the results obtained from the present study would provide useful information for assessing the fate of ambient air POP concentration.

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“…Following the discovery of PBDEs in pike and sediments in the early 80's [4,5], numerous reports on PBDEs in different environmental samples have appeared, including human blood [6 -11] and adipose tissue [12 -18], as well as mother's milk [19 -23]. The distribution of PBDEs in the environment has recently been reviewed [24 -26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%