Sample introduction techniques for atomic spectroscopy

Browner, Richard F.; Boorn, Andrew W.

doi:10.1021/ac00271a003

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…urnax,, flow-rate giving maximum peak height u, , , , varies with Vi, as indicated by equation (27). The model parameters obtained givep = (1 -2.8u), dpldu = -2.8.…”

Section: Extended-tank Modelmentioning

confidence: 94%

Flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry: the kinetics of instrument response

Appleton¹,

Tyson²

1986

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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The concept of dispersion coefficient is discussed with particular reference to flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry where the detector contributes appreciably to the analytical signal characteristics. Single-and parallel-tank models of instrument response are developed and critically examined. The progress made to date by investigators of nebuliser performance is briefly reviewed prior to developing a semi-empirical extended-tank model of instrument response. The capabilities of this model are explored by deriving a set of equations for instrument response, and comparing the predictions with experimental results. Agreement is generally good. Advantages of the modelling approach are discussed.

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“…urnax,, flow-rate giving maximum peak height u, , , , varies with Vi, as indicated by equation (27). The model parameters obtained givep = (1 -2.8u), dpldu = -2.8.…”

Section: Extended-tank Modelmentioning

confidence: 94%

Flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry: the kinetics of instrument response

Appleton¹,

Tyson²

1986

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…3). The design of the spray chamber was influenced by designs from Olson and others (1977), Goulden and Anthony (1984), Fassel and Bear (1986), and Browner and Boom (1984). Additionally, a sample wash port at the top of the spray chamber was added so that high-conductance samples could be washed quickly from the spray chamber with the aid of two high-speed water pumps.…”

Section: Modifications To the Commercial Ultrasonic Nebulizer Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Use of a modified ultrasonic nebulizer for the analysis of low ionic-strength water by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry

Harris¹,

Litteral²,

Damrau³

1997

Open-File Report

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The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory has developed a method for the determination of dissolved calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, silica, and sodium using a modified ultrasonic nebulizer sample-introduction system to an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. The nebulizer's spray chamber has been modified to avoid carryover and memory effects common in some conventional ultrasonic designs. The modified ultrasonic nebulizer is equipped with a high-speed rinse cycle to remove previously analyzed samples from the spray chamber without excessive flush times. This new rinse cycle decreases sample washout times by reducing carryover and memory effects from salt or analytes in previously analyzed samples by as much as 45 percent. Plasma instability has been reduced by repositioning the argon carrier gas inlet on the spray chamber and by directly pumping waste from the chamber, instead of from open drain traps, thereby maintaining constant pressure to the plasma. The ultrasonic nebulizer improves signal intensities, which are 8 to 16 times greater than for a conventional cross-flow pneumatic nebulizer, without being sensitive to clogging from salt buildup as in cross-flow nebulizers. Detection limits for the ultrasonic nebulizer are 4 to 18 times less than detection limits achievable using a crossflow pneumatic nebulizer, with equivalent sample analysis time.

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“…Pneumatic nebulisers produce aerosols with a broad distribution of droplet diameters up to 100 μm and only about 1% of droplets are small enough (< 10 μm) to be efficiently ionised (Browner and Boorn 1984). A spray chamber is used to screen the aerosol to remove unsuitably large droplets through gravity or inertia.…”

Section: Sample Introduction Into the Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrupole ICP‐MS: Introduction to Instrumentation, Measurement Techniques and Analytical Capabilities

Linge

Jarvis

2009

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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The low detection limits and multi‐element capability of inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) makes it an attractive option in a wide range of environmental, medical, biological, industrial and archaeological applications. Quadrupole ICP‐MS is used to determine element concentrations in a diverse range of sample types, often very different from the geological applications for which ICP‐MS was originally developed. Whilst modern instruments are robust and capable of a high degree of automation, it is essential that users of both instrumentation and data are aware of the strengths and limitations of the technique. Many people who are now involved with the operation and application of ICP‐MS instruments are not specialists in the field, as was usually the case amongst early operators. This back‐to‐basics review is aimed at the novice user and includes a guide to ICP‐MS instrumentation and performance. Whilst solids, liquids and gases can all be measured by ICP‐MS, discussion of sample introduction is limited to liquids. Requirements for producing good quality data, including aspects of sample preparation, calibration, and methods of interference limitation are also discussed.

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Sample introduction techniques for atomic spectroscopy

Cited by 59 publications

References 10 publications

Flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry: the kinetics of instrument response

Flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry: the kinetics of instrument response

Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Use of a modified ultrasonic nebulizer for the analysis of low ionic-strength water by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry

Quadrupole ICP‐MS: Introduction to Instrumentation, Measurement Techniques and Analytical Capabilities

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