Sample Cleanup Using Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction for Determination of Vancomycin in Serum

Abstract

The conventional cartridge-type SPE method has some drawbacks, such as clogging of the sample solution in cases of high-viscosity biological samples, which results in low 2014 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry † To whom correspondence should be addressed. A cleanup method employing quick and simple solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE) was investigated for its potential use in the determination of vancomycin (VCM) in serum by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry (LC/MS). SPDE was observed to be more rapid than conventional cartridge-type solid-phase extraction (SPE). In addition, in the analysis of viscous samples such as serum containing many proteins, SPDE could satisfactorily remove proteins even if deproteinization was not performed beforehand. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (S/N > 10) of VCM by LC/MS were 0.05 and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries of VCM from pooled serum spiked at 2, 10, and 100 ng/mL were 90.0, 90.8, and 98.6%, respectively. The repeatabilities were 7.5, 6.8, and 2.8%, and the intermediate precision values were 8.5, 6.8, and 7.0%, respectively. This suggests that the developed analytical method combing SPDE is useful for the determination of VCM in serum.

Modern methods for vancomycin determination in biological fluids by methods based on high‐performance liquid chromatography – A review

“…The conventional SPE method was applied after deproteinization (two times, and the obtained supernatants were combined) by 10% TCA which was used for the comparison. The recovery efficiency reached approximately 70%, or approximately 30% after dilution with water, a value similar to that obtained with the SPDE procedure . The benefits of this method in comparison to SPE, as reported by Sakomoto et al.…”

“…The determination of vancomycin is possible in different types of biological fluids. Most published methods are based on the analysis of vancomycin in human or animal serum , plasma , and urine samples . However, LC methods also enable the measurement of vancomycin in the cerebrospinal fluid bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid , artificial perfusion fluid, lung tissue samples , tissues, bone samples and vitreous and aqueous humor .…”

“…SPDE is a novel trend in sample clean‐up for vancomycin determination in serum, which was investigated by Sakomoto et al. . The principle of this method is based on the extraction of vancomycin from the serum sample by dispersing microparticles into a liquid sample, which enables better contact of the analyte with the sorbent, thus leading to higher extraction efficiencies.…”

“…For the SPE gel washing, 1 mL of water was added to the filtrate two times. Finally, vancomycin was eluted by 60% methanol aqueous solution .…”

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Inorganic Cations and Anions

“…This "matrix effect" is troublesome, since it lowers the performance of quantitative analysis. To minimize matrix effects, various approaches, including on-line or off-line sample separation using chromatographic techniques, [20][21][22][23][24] liquid-liquid extraction, 21 and use of nanospray 25 have been described and reviewed. [26][27][28] Evaluations based on the relative signal intensities using internal standards, which are typically stable isotope-labeled analogues or compounds having similar structures to the analytes, are also effective in diminishing the matrix effect, 20,22,23 but this may not always be applicable.…”