Same-day testing for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies

Morris, David J.; Corbitt, Gerald; Crosdale, Elaine

doi:10.1016/0166-0934(94)90152-x

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Clearly, it can be seen that this service is being accessed by patients at risk of HIV since approximately 3% of attenders are HIV-infected. Although we were pleased to see logistical barriers overcome in this way, and several other laboratories have published similar results, [2][3][4] we suspect that other colleagues in this debate may raise a series of criticisms, as follows.…”

Section: The Same-day Testing Clinicmentioning

confidence: 82%

Testing for HIV antibodies should be offered on a same-day basis

1998

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Section: The Same-day Testing Clinicmentioning

confidence: 82%

Testing for HIV antibodies should be offered on a same-day basis

1998

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“…The majority of insect pathogens are able to encode chitinase in order to infect the host more efficiently, self-replicate, or become more widespread in the infection process. Examples include Bacteria (Chernin et al, 1997;Sang et al, 1997;Tsujibo et al, 1998), fungi (De la Cruz et al, 1992;Felse and Panda, 2000;Omumasaba et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2002), actinomycetes (Reynolds, 1954), and baculovirus (Ohkawa et al, 1994;Hawtin et al, 1995), all of which have genes encoding chitinases that facilitate the overwhelming of the insect's defense mechanisms (PM or cuticle) during infection. Researchers often concentrate on the changes occurring in chitinase encoded by a pathogen but ignore changes of chitinase encoding by the host insect during this process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Chitinase in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) During Infection by Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h)

Ou-Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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Insect chitinases play essential roles in the molting and metamorphosis of insects. The virus Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) can prolong the total duration of the larval stage in its host larvae. In this study, the molecular character and function of chitinase and chitin-binding domain (CBD) were analyzed in larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In detecting the chitinase activity of mockinfected and HvAV-3h-infected larval whole bodies and four different larval tissues, the results showed that larval chitinase activity was significantly decreased at 48 h post infection (hpi) and that the chitinase activity of HvAV-3h-infected larval fat body and cuticle was notably decreased at 144 and 168 hpi. The transcription level of S. exigua chitinase 7 (SeCHIT7) was down-regulated at the 6, 9, 12, 48, 72, and 96 hpi sample times, the S. exigua chitinase 11 (SeCHIT11) was down-regulated at 3-96 hpi, while both S. exigua chitinases (SeCHITs) were up-regulated at 120-168 hpi. Further tissuespecific detection of SeCHIT7 and SeCHIT11 transcription showed that SeCHIT7 was down-regulated at 144 and 168 hpi in the fat body and cuticle. SeCHIT11 was downregulated at 168 hpi in the fat body, midgut, and cuticle. Additionally, the transcription and expression of S. exigua chitin-binding domain (SeCBD) could not be detected in HvAV-3h-infected larvae. The in vitro analyses of SeCHIT7N, SeCHIT11, and SeCBD showed that SeCHIT7N and SeCHIT11 were typical chitinases. Conversely, no chitinase activity was detected with SeCBD. SeCBD, however, could significantly increase the activity of SeCHIT7N and SeCHIT11. In conclusion, HvAV-3h not only interfered with the transcription and expression of SeCHITs but also affected the normal transcription and expression of SeCBD and, in doing so, influenced the host larval chitinase activity. These results will aid in providing a foundation for further studies on the pathogenesis of HvAV-3h.

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“…This is much lower than the figure of 1% previously reported. 4,5 During this period, 40 (1·04%) samples were not tested for a variety of reasons including loss or breakage in transit, and mislabelling (Table 2).…”

Section: Same-day Testing Service At Our Institutionmentioning

confidence: 99%