Salvianolic acid�B recovers cognitive deficits and angiogenesis in a cerebral small vessel disease rat model via the STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway

Abstract

Salvianolic acid B is one of the key water‑soluble components of Salvia extract. It has been verified that salvianolic acid B possesses multiple pharmacological activities, it protects against myocardial infarction, however additionally improves injury of myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion. The present study, the possible effects of salvianolic acid B on cognitive deficits and angiogenesis in cerebral small vessel disease were investigated. Salvianolic acid B was identified to recover cognitive deficits and neurocytes, reduce inflammation, oxidative stress and neurocyte apoptosis (caspase‑3 and Bax protein expression) in cerebral small vessel disease rats. In addition, salvianolic acid B upregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation protein expression, and induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 protein expression in cerebral small vessel disease rats. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that salvianolic acid B recovers cognitive deficits and angiogenesis in the cerebral small vessel disease rat model via STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway.

Neutralization of interleukin‐9 ameliorates experimental stroke by repairing the blood–brain barrierviadown‐regulation of astrocyte‐derived vascular endothelial growth factor‐A

“…The signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway is involved in the IL-9-IL-9R interaction on astrocytes; unlike endothelial cells, astrocytes were activated by phosphorylated STAT3 but not phosphorylated STAT1 (11), which may contribute to the difference in cell types. Scholars have confirmed that salvianolic acid B can have a role in improving cognition and promoting angiogenesis by activating p-STAT3 to produce VEGF-A (23). Inhibition of the STAT3/VEGF-A pathway in vectors for non-small cell lung cancer would inhibit angiogenesis and promote tumor cell apoptosis (24).…”

Salvianolic Acid B Promotes the Survival of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in Rats by Inducing Autophagy

“…Sal B, an extract of S. miltiorrhiza , is used for the treatment of various vascular diseases involving the cardiovascular system ( Lin et al, 2016 ), cerebral small blood vessels ( Wang and Hu, 2018 ), and osteonecrosis of the femoral head in TCM ( Li and Wang, 2017 ). Ischemia and necrosis in the distal part of random skin flaps due to a reduced blood supply are commonly encountered in plastic and reconstructive surgery.…”

“…et al, 2018 ; Yu and Liu, 2018 ), and HO1 is expressed during the oxidative stress response ( Fuyuno et al, 2018 ). Sal B promotes functional recovery from cerebral vessel disease by reducing oxidative stress ( Wang and Hu, 2018 ). Western blotting and IHC indicated that Sal B increased SOD1, eNOS, and HO1 expression in the dermis of ischemic flaps.…”

“…In disease, autophagy is an adaptive response to stress, which promotes survival, whereas in other situations it promotes cell death ( Giansanti et al, 2011 ). Autophagy is important in vascular disease including acute myocardial infarction and cerebral small blood vessel disease ( Lin et al, 2016 ; Wang and Hu, 2018 ). Furthermore, Sal B reportedly promotes autophagy in vascular disease ( Li et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Sal B stimulates bone-marrow angiogenesis by inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Runx2 in prednisone-treated rats ( Li and Wang, 2017 ). Moreover, it reduces oxidative stress and neurocyte apoptosis in rats with cerebral small vessel disease via the STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway ( Wang and Hu, 2018 ). It also induces autophagy and has anti-cancer effects via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells ( Gong et al, 2016 ); ameliorates cerebral IRI by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway ( Wang et al, 2016 ); and promotes angiogenesis and autophagy in acute myocardial infarction ( Lin et al, 2016 ).…”