Salvianolic acid A, a polyphenolic derivative from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, as a multifunctional agent for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

The effects of Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated. Sal A significantly inhibits amyloid beta [Formula: see text] self-aggregation and disaggregates pre-formed [Formula: see text] fibrils, reduces metal-induced [Formula: see text] aggregation through chelating metal ions, and blocks the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. Sal A protects cells against [Formula: see text]-induced toxicity. Furthermore, Sal A, possibly because of the effects of decreasing toxicity effects of [Formula: see text] species, alleviates [Formula: see text]-induced paralysis in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Circular dichroism (CD) experiments and Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations demonstrate that Sal A inhibits [Formula: see text] self-aggregation through binding to the C-terminus of [Formula: see text], and therefore stabilizing the [Formula: see text]-helical conformations. Altogether, our data show that Sal A, as the multifunctional agent, is likely to be promising therapeutics for AD.

3,5-Diarylpyrazole Derivatives Obtained by Ammonolysis of the Total Flavonoids from Chrysanthemum indicum Extract Show Potential for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…18 As shown in Table 1, the inhibition activity for CMTF increased to 87.4% at 100 μg/mL, whereas the inhibition rate for UTF was 62.0% at the same concentration. HPLC-MS/MS experiments were performed on the UTF (Figures S1−S7, Supporting Information).…”

Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on CNS Neuronal Injury and Degeneration: A Plausible Complementary Role of Tanshinones and Depsides

“…In the successive decades, the number of pharmacological and clinical studies grew rapidly proving not only cardiovascular properties but widespread activities in several pathologies. Many interesting, promising therapeutic applications of S. miltiorrhiza extracts or single constituents have now appeared in the literature and include acute ischemic stroke [8,9], AD [10][11][12], osteoporosis [13], atherosclerosis [14], fulminant hepatic failure [15], and malignant gliomas [16]. In virtue of having few side effects, S. miltiorrhiza and its single constituents have been widely and successfully used in clinics in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries for the treatment of heart and cerebrovascular disease, hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, neuroasthenic insomnia, cancer, chronic renal failure, and dysmenorrhea [1,2,4].…”

“…Salvianolic acid A Cao and coworkers [12] proved that SalA (50-100 µM) inhibits Aβ 42 self-mediated aggregation and disaggregates Aβ 42 aging fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. Wang and coworkers [57] demonstrated that SalA protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP + -induced cytotoxicity.…”

“…Then depsides are more deeply docked in the pocket of the helix and C-terminus. This complex of depsides-Aβ is energetically more stable [12]. Other mechanism ↓ aggregation and disaggregated Aβ fibrils (Cao YY et al, 2013) [12] Other mechanisms ↓ fibril aggregation and destabilize preformed Aβ fibril (Ono K et al, 2004) [62] Table 8 Biochemical mechanisms of DSS.…”

Salvia miltiorrhizacompounds protect the liver from acute injury by regulation of p38 and NFκB signaling in Kupffer cells

“…Recent findings for S. miltiorrhiza components indicate that cryptotanshinone inhibits human glioma cell proliferation (Lu et al, 2013), salvianolic acid A can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease (Cao et al, 2013), and tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA protect the liver from acute and chronic injury (Park et al, 2009). However, although more than 20 active components have been isolated from S. miltiorrhiza, the molecules with liver-protective effects are unclear.…”