Salvia Miltiorrhiza Reinstates Growth Plate Width, Reduces Liver Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Avian Tibial Dyschondroplasia

Abstract

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is skeletal abnormality in rapidly growing birds causing carcass downgrading and severe welfare problems. Present study was aimed to determine specificity of salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on growth plate width, liver oxidative stress and toxicity in avian TD. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks were equally distributed into three groups: Control, Thiram (50 mg/kg/d) and SM (10 mg/kg/d) treated. Results showed that thiram caused lameness, decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the serum along with decrease in level of antioxidant enzymes and significantly increase in the MDA contents in TD afflicted chickens compared to control group. The SM administration to TD affected birds significantly ameliorated lameness, stimulated ALP level with a decrease in ALT and AST contents, increase in antioxidant parameter and decrease in MDA contents significantly (P<0.05). SM treatment of TD-afflicted birds prevented lameness and reinstated antioxidant imbalance. SM may be effective for the treatment and control of TD and minimizing the liver damages caused by thiram in broiler chickens.T ibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a major skeletal metabolic disease in fast growing birds. In TD, the growth plate bone fails to resorb and accumulates in the metaphyseal region causing lameness (Tian et al., 2013;Nabi et al., 2016a). TD is characterized as avascularized and non-mineralized cartilage in the growth plate (Tian et al., 2013). The etiology of TD is associated with several factors, however, most recent molecular studies showed that the occurrence of TD is associated with inhibition of angiogenesis, related genetic factors and genes contribute to bone vascularization and mineralization (Nabi et al., 2016a;Shahzad et al., 2015).Thiram (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide) is generally used as apesticide and fungicide in agriculture sector. Experimental addition of thiram to poultry feed induces TD.

Osthole: A Coumarin Derivative Assuage Thiram-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Regulating BMP-2 and RUNX-2 Expressions in Chickens

“…Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is also used for assessing the antioxidant status and response against the radicals produced in the diseased condition [55]. Thiram causes oxidative stress and decreases the levels of these enzymes [12,56,57]. Oxidative stress affects the lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane with resultant overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) [58].…”

Clinical efficiency and safety of Hsp90 inhibitor Novobiocin in avian tibial dyschondroplasia

“…A total of 10 blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture from each group to quantity of serum parameters including aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed using commercial reagent kits from Jiancheng Biochem Company Ltd., Nanjing, China, and following the protocols of each reagent kit. The values of serum ALT, AST, and ALP activity were expressed as units per liter (U/L) (Li, Bi, Pan, & Zhang, ; Nabi et al, ).…”

Screening of Proliferation-Related Genes and Pathological Changes in Thiram-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia

“…The pathogenicity related to TD is still not well established completely. The reported studies conducted so far presented many possible pathogenicity preventive measures [17][18][19][20][21][22], but the problem has not been completely evacuated yet. Therefore, any related study which can add into the possible pathogenicity of TD is valuable.…”