Salting-out-assisted liquid–liquid extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from honey and the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by high-performance liquid chromatography

Chen, Wenbin; Wu, Siyuan; Zhang, Jianing; Yu, Fengjie; Miao, Xiaoqing; Tu, Xijuan

doi:10.1039/c9ay01770d

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The former, MgSO 4 , has been demonstrated to be an efficient phase-separation agent as the high extraction yield for relatively high-polarity compounds [36]. The latter, NaCl, was used to reduce the co-extracted protein and sugar contents from the matrix [37,38].…”

Section: Salting-out Assisted Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen

Chen

2020

Molecules

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As the main source of nutrients for the important pollinator honeybee, bee pollen is crucial for the health of the honeybee and the agro-ecosystem. In the present study, a new sample preparation procedure has been developed for the determination of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The neonicotinoid pesticides were extracted using miniaturized salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (mini-SALLE), followed by disposable pipette extraction (DPX) for the clean-up of analytes. Effects of DPX parameters on the clean-up performance were systematically investigated, including sorbent types (PSA, C18, and silica gel), mass of sorbent, loading modes, and elution conditions. In addition, the clean-up effect of classical dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) was compared with that of the DPX method. Results indicated that PSA-based DPX showed excellent clean-up ability for the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of neonicotinoid pesticides in bee pollen. The proposed DPX method was fully validated and demonstrated to provide the advantage of simple and rapid clean-up with low consumption of solvent. This is the first report of DPX method applied in bee pollen matrix, and would be valuable for the development of a fast sample preparation method for this challenging and important matrix.

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Section: Salting-out Assisted Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen

Chen

2020

Molecules

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“…Results obtained from the real samples indicated that HMF in the fresh honey was at very low level, whereas in commercial samples, heat treatment and long-term storage could lead to significant increases in HMF concentration. More importantly, since the phase separation of HLLE dramatically decreases the residual content of sugars in the extractive [ 17 ], this field sample preparation may reduce the impact of the sample transport process on the promotion of HMF production. In addition, four phenolic compounds were also detected in the samples, including protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol in three commercial samples and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid in four raw samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After phase separation, multiple analytes with a wide range of polarities can be rapidly and efficiently extracted into the separated organic phase [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Moreover, the phase separation also makes high-polarity matrix compounds e.g., proteins [ 16 ] and sugars [ 17 ] mostly stay at the aqueous phase, which significantly reduces the interference. In addition, the obtained extractive solution is compatible with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) [ 18 , 19 ], disposable pipette extraction (DPX) [ 20 ], matrix solid-phase dispersion [ 21 ], and dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] for further clean-up or enrichment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple High-Throughput Field Sample Preparation Method Based on Matrix-Induced Sugaring-Out for the Simultaneous Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Phenolic Compounds in Honey

Jin

et al. 2022

Molecules

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In the present work, a high-throughput field sample preparation method was reported for the simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and phenolic compounds in honey. Combining a simple and green homogenous liquid–liquid extraction, matrix-induced sugaring-out, with the use of a 96-deepwell plate and multichannel pipette, the proposed method showed its merits in instrument-free and high-throughput preparation. Due to the high-throughput property, the parameters of the method were rapidly and systematically studied using a constructed 4 × 2 × 4 × 3 array (sample amount × ratio of ACN:H2O × standing time × replicates) in a 96-deepwell plate. Analytical performance was fully validated, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.17–1.35 μg/g and 0.51–4.14 μg/g, respectively. Recoveries were between 83.98 and 117.11%, and all the precisions were <5%. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied in the outdoor preparation of commercial honey samples and the in-field preparation of raw honey samples in apiary. The current work presented a simple, rapid, and high-throughput method for the field sample preparation of honey and provides a valuable strategy for the design of field and on-site sample preparation.

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“…Various modifications of the HPLC method have been reported, including sample preparations using liquid-liquid extractions (Chen et al, 2019). In addition, methods using high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography have been developed for analysing HMF in honey (cited in Chen et al, 2019), but these methods are not commonly used. For a complete list of all methods for the determination of HMF in food see Morales (2009).…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Detection and Quantification Of Hmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees

Bodin¹,

Mazo²,

Grasl‐Kraupp³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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The European Commission has asked the EFSA to evaluate the risk for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey bee feed. HMF is a degradation product of particular sugars and can be present in bee feed. HMF is of low acute toxicity in bees but causes increased mortality upon chronic exposure. A benchmark dose lower limit 10% (BMDL 10 ) of 1.16 μg HMF per bee per day has been calculated from mortalities observed in a 20-day study and established as a Reference Point covering also mortality in larvae, drones and queens for which no or insufficient toxicity data were available. Winter bees have a much longer lifespan than summer bees and HMF shows clear time reinforced toxicity (TRT) characteristics. Therefore, additional Reference Point intervals of 0.21-3.1, 0.091-1.1 and 0.019-0.35 µg HMF/bee per day were calculated based on extrapolation to exposure durations of 50, 90 and 180 days, respectively. A total of 219 analytical data of HMF concentrations in bee feed from EU Member States and 88 from Industry were available. Exposure estimates of worker bees and larvae ranged between 0.1 and 0.48, and between 0.1 and 0.51 μg HMF/per day, respectively. They were well below the BMDL 10 of 1.16 μg HMF/bee per day, and thus, no concern was identified. However, when accounting for TRT, the probability that exposures were below established reference point intervals was assessed to be extremely unlikely to almost certain depending on exposure duration. A concern for bee health was identified when bees are exposed to HMF contaminated bee feed for several months.

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Salting-out-assisted liquid–liquid extraction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from honey and the determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract: A simple, rapid, and effective sample preparation method was developed for the recovery of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from honey samples with negligible co-extracted sugars.

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen

Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen

A Simple High-Throughput Field Sample Preparation Method Based on Matrix-Induced Sugaring-Out for the Simultaneous Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Phenolic Compounds in Honey

Evaluation of the risks for animal health related to the presence of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in feed for honey bees

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