Miniaturized Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with Disposable Pipette Extraction for Fast Sample Preparation of Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Bee Pollen

Self Cite

In the present work, a novel sample preparation method, micro salting-out assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (μ-SOA-MSPD), was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) contaminants in bee pollen. The proposed method was designed to combine two classical sample preparation methodologies, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), to simplify and speed-up the preparation process. Parameters of μ-SOA-MSPD were systematically investigated, and results indicated the significant effect of salt and ACN-H2O extractant on the signal response of analytes. In addition, excellent clean-up ability in removing matrix components was observed when primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent was introduced into the blending operation. The developed method was fully validated, and the limits of detection for BPA and BPB were 20 μg/kg and 30 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries and precisions were ranged from 83.03% to 94.64% and 1.76% to 5.45%, respectively. This is the first report on the analysis of bisphenol contaminants in bee pollen sample, and also on the combination of MSPD and HLLE. The present method might provide a new strategy for simple and fast sample preparation of solid and semi-solid samples.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Micro Salting-Out Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion: A Simple and Fast Sample Preparation Method for the Analysis of Bisphenol Contaminants in Bee Pollen

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2021

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“…Moreover, the phase separation also makes high-polarity matrix compounds e.g., proteins [ 16 ] and sugars [ 17 ] mostly stay at the aqueous phase, which significantly reduces the interference. In addition, the obtained extractive solution is compatible with dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) [ 18 , 19 ], disposable pipette extraction (DPX) [ 20 ], matrix solid-phase dispersion [ 21 ], and dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] for further clean-up or enrichment. Furthermore, the emerging solvents ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvent have been successfully used in HLLE and extended the applications of HLLE in micro-extraction [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple High-Throughput Field Sample Preparation Method Based on Matrix-Induced Sugaring-Out for the Simultaneous Determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Phenolic Compounds in Honey

Jin

et al. 2022

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In the present work, a high-throughput field sample preparation method was reported for the simultaneous determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and phenolic compounds in honey. Combining a simple and green homogenous liquid–liquid extraction, matrix-induced sugaring-out, with the use of a 96-deepwell plate and multichannel pipette, the proposed method showed its merits in instrument-free and high-throughput preparation. Due to the high-throughput property, the parameters of the method were rapidly and systematically studied using a constructed 4 × 2 × 4 × 3 array (sample amount × ratio of ACN:H2O × standing time × replicates) in a 96-deepwell plate. Analytical performance was fully validated, and the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.17–1.35 μg/g and 0.51–4.14 μg/g, respectively. Recoveries were between 83.98 and 117.11%, and all the precisions were <5%. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied in the outdoor preparation of commercial honey samples and the in-field preparation of raw honey samples in apiary. The current work presented a simple, rapid, and high-throughput method for the field sample preparation of honey and provides a valuable strategy for the design of field and on-site sample preparation.

“…As Academic Editors of Molecules , in the present article, we selected twelve carefully reviewed articles on bee and beekeeping research published in this international journal [ 6 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. In the first subset of selected articles, recent advances in the field of pesticide detection in beekeeping products are presented [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. A further research field well covered in Molecules in recent years is the evaluation of novel natural products to fight honeybee pathogens and parasites [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bee and Beekeeping Research in a Rapidly Changing World: Advancements and Challenges

Canale¹,

Benelli²

2021