Micro Salting-Out Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion: A Simple and Fast Sample Preparation Method for the Analysis of Bisphenol Contaminants in Bee Pollen

Abstract

In the present work, a novel sample preparation method, micro salting-out assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (μ-SOA-MSPD), was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) contaminants in bee pollen. The proposed method was designed to combine two classical sample preparation methodologies, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), to simplify and speed-up the preparation process. Parameters of μ-SOA-MSPD were systematically investigated, and results indicated the significant effect of salt and ACN-H2O extractant on the signal response of analytes. In addition, excellent clean-up ability in removing matrix components was observed when primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent was introduced into the blending operation. The developed method was fully validated, and the limits of detection for BPA and BPB were 20 μg/kg and 30 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries and precisions were ranged from 83.03% to 94.64% and 1.76% to 5.45%, respectively. This is the first report on the analysis of bisphenol contaminants in bee pollen sample, and also on the combination of MSPD and HLLE. The present method might provide a new strategy for simple and fast sample preparation of solid and semi-solid samples.

Bisphenol A analysis and quantification inconsistencies via HPLC-UV: a systematic review with technical notes

“…3 A Main purpose of the analyzed studies as revealed by the publications in Table S1. B Overlapped main purposes with other secondary objectives of the analyzed papers [64] or by air pollution near polycarbonate molding plants [65], bee pollen [66], mussels [67] and brine shrimp [68]. Food contamination was determined in meat samples [53], beverages [55,69,70], milk [59,63,71,72], oils [56,63], and canned food products [59,71,73] with most studies revealing that BPA could be leached from the plastic can linings, packaging, and bottles [53,55,56,71,[74][75][76].…”

Simultaneous extraction and determination of alkaloids and organic acids in Uncariae Ramulas Cum Unicis by vortex-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS

“…Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) was first introduced by Barker in 1989 as a novel sample preparation method, with many advantages such as reducing sample and reagent consumption and lower costs (Barker, 2000). Recently, an increasing number of modified MSPD extraction methods have been established by researchers, including ultrasound-assisted MSPD (UA-MSPD) (Dos Santos et al, 2019), vortex-assisted MSPD (VA-MSPD) (de Melo Malinowski et al, 2022), and micro salting-out assisted MSPD (µ-SOA-MSPD) (Zhang et al, 2021), which simplify the extraction procedures of traditional MSPD and reduce both the loss of target components and the sample pretreatment time. Currently, these modified MSPD methods have been used for the extraction of active components from various herbs medicines such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids (Wang et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2021;Zheng et al, 2021).…”

Subzero-temperature homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction for the stereoselective determination of chiral triadimefon and its metabolite in water, fruit juice, vinegar, and fermented liquor by HPLC

“…10 Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (HLLE) is regarded as a viable alternative to conventional extraction techniques. 11 The HLLE technique has two steps: initially, an aqueous sample solution containing analytes is combined with an extractant to form a homogeneous phase; subsequently, the separation of organic phases is achieved through the addition of reagents such as salt, 12 sugar, 13 hydrophobic solvents, 14 or other substances, resulting in a change in the layered or de-emulsified composition. Compared with traditional liquid–liquid extraction techniques, HLLE has the advantages of high efficiency, time-saving, low-cost, and eco-friendliness.…”