Salt Loading on Plasma Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine and the Protective Role of Potassium Supplement in Normotensive Salt-Sensitive Asians

Yuan, Fang; Mu, Jianjun; He, Langchong; Wang, Sicen; Liu, Zhiquan

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000238159.19614.ce

Cited by 79 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dietary K supplementation reduced BP and increased NO bioactivity in normotensive sodium-sensitive Asians following salt loading (27). We also observed that the addition of dietary Acer okamotoanum sap decreased the induced-BP and recovered eNOS levels in the adipocytes of descending aortas.…”

Section: Baseline (Day 0) 2 Weeks (Day 14) --------------------------supporting

confidence: 65%

Beneficial effects of Acer okamotoanum sap on L-NAME-induced hypertension-like symptoms in a rat model

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The sap of Acer okamotoanum has been termed 'bone-benefit-water' in Korea owing to its mineral and sugar content. In particular, the calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) concentrations of the sap of Acer okamotoanum are 40-and 20-times higher, respectively, than commercial spring water. In the present study, we examined whether Acer okamotoanum sap improves or prevents hypertension-like symptoms in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were provided commercial spring water supplemented with 25, 50 or 100% Acer okamotoanum sap, 3% potassium ions (K + ) or captopril, and treated daily for 2 weeks with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg/kg/day) by subcutaneous injection, in order to induce hypertensive symptoms. Rats were euthanized 6 h following the final injection. To assess the effect of the sap on hypertension-like symptoms, we examined the mean blood pressure (BP), protein levels and localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the descending aorta of the rats. BP levels were significantly lower in hypertensive rats received 25, 50 and 100% sap compared with rats who were administered only commercial spring water. Protein levels of eNOS were repressed in L-NAME-only-treated rats, but were elevated in the descending aorta of rats administered captopril, K + water and Acer okamotoanum sap (25, 50 and 100%) up to the level of the sham group provided commercial spring water, and then injected with dimethyl sulfoxide for the same period of time. Localized eNOS protein was abundantly expressed in the perivascular descending aorta adipose tissue of the rats. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the sap of Acer okamotoanum ameliorated high BP induced by L-NAME treatment in a rat model.

show abstract

Section: Baseline (Day 0) 2 Weeks (Day 14) --------------------------supporting

confidence: 65%

Beneficial effects of Acer okamotoanum sap on L-NAME-induced hypertension-like symptoms in a rat model

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mean BP was defined as: mean BP ¼ diastolic BP þ 1/3 Â pulse pressure. Because of the lack of universal consensus on the definition of salt sensitivity of BP, subjects with a X10% increase in mean BP from low to highsalt diet were classified as salt-sensitive, and those with a o10% increase as SR. 2,17 The difference in mean arterial BP after the high-salt diet compared with that after the low-salt diet was defined as the degree of salt sensitivity. Staff members who conducted BP measurements were trained, and certified research staff monitored the quality of BP measurements.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous study showed that high salt loading could accelerate endothelial dysfunction, and that potassium or calcium supplement could delay or lessen agerelated BP increases in NSS subjects. 17,18 In this study, we hypothesise that endothelial dysfunction may be present in NSS subjects, even in the absence of salt loading, which may contribute to a higher number of cardiovascular events than that observed in normotensive salt-resistant (NSR) subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate endothelium-dependent vasodilation, assessed by high-resolution ultrasound, as well as indirect endothelial biochemical markers of NO, in a group of normotensive subjects classified on the basis of salt sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Endothelial dysfunction in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects

et al. 2011

J Hum Hypertens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salt-sensitivity is associated with a more severe target organ injury and higher mortality, even in normotensive subjects. As endothelial dysfunction is predictive for future cardiovascular events, we evaluated whether normotensive salt-sensitive (NSS) subjects have more pronounced endothelial dysfunction compared with normotensive salt-resistant (NSR) subjects. Normotensive subjects (n ¼ 99, aged 25-50 years) were selected from a rural community in northern China. Salt sensitivity was assigned if mean BP increased by X10% from a 1-week high salt (18 g/day, NaCl) to low-salt diet (3 g/day, NaCl). Endothelial function was assessed by testing the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound, as well as nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels, in plasma and urine at baseline. Blood pressure at baseline was similar between NSS and NSR subjects, but diverged during salt intervention. Furthermore, FMD was significantly lower in 17 NSS subjects (10.2 ± 2.5 vs 14.5 ± 1.6%, P ¼ 0.037) compared with NSR subjects. In addition, average plasma NOx levels were lower in NSS subjects than NSR subjects (61.2 ± 3.23 lM vs 82.5 ± 1.61 lM, P ¼ 0.034). Moreover, Both FMD and plasma NOx levels were negatively correlated with the degree of salt sensitivity (r ¼ À0.435 and r ¼ À0.459, respectively, Po0.01). However, there was no difference in urine NOx between the two groups. Our study indicates that endothelial dysfunction could contribute to the long-term higher levels of target organ injury and higher mortality observed in NSS subjects.

show abstract

“…24,25 Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase; increases in ADMA inhibit NO-related vasodilation, leading to increased blood pressure. 26 Fang et al 27 in cross-over studies in normotensive rural Chinese demonstrated significantly higher mean blood pressures and ADMA levels in 13 salt-sensitive (SS) normotensive subjects on a high salt diet compared with a low salt diet (Po0.05 and o0.01, respectively) and compared with 47 salt-resistant (SR) subjects on either salt diet. Sharma et al 28 in cross-over studies showed that SS humans on a high salt diet also have significantly lower arterial blood pH (Po0.0001) and HCO 3 (Po0.0001) levels than SR subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In vitro studies demonstrate that bone is degraded in an acidic environment due to chemical reactions and through effects on bone cells. Clinical evidence is insufficient to unequivocally resolve whether the diet net acid or base load bone affects breakdown in humans. Increasing dietary salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) mildly increases blood acidity in humans and in rats with increased sensitivity to the blood pressure effects of salt, whereas increased potassium (K) intake can decrease blood pressure. Blood pressure responses to NaCl or K may potentially be a marker for increased bone turnover or lower bone mineral density (BMD) in women at higher risk for osteoporosis and fracture. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from two data sets (California and NE Scotland) of postmenopausal women (n ¼ 266) enrolled in long-term randomized, placebo-controlled studies of the effects of administration of low-or high-dose dietary K alkali supplementation on bone turnover in relation to sodium or chloride excretion (a marker of dietary salt intake). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated from blood pressure measures, MAP was divided into tertiles and its influence on the effect of dietary NaCl and K alkali supplementation on deoxypyridinoline markers of bone resorption and BMD by DEXA was tested. Data was analysed for each data set separately and then combined. RESULTS: Percentage change in BMD after 24 months was less for California compared with North East Scotland (hip: À 0.6 ± 2.8% and À 1.5±2.4%, respectively (P ¼ 0.027); spine: À 0.5±3.4% and À 2.6±3.5%, (Po0.001). We found no effect of dietary alkali treatment on BMD change or bone resorption for either centre. Adjusting for the possible calcium-or potassium-lowering effects on blood pressure did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure responses to Na, Cl or K intake did not help predict a BMD response to diet alkali therapy.

show abstract

Salt Loading on Plasma Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine and the Protective Role of Potassium Supplement in Normotensive Salt-Sensitive Asians

Cited by 79 publications

References 47 publications

Beneficial effects of Acer okamotoanum sap on L-NAME-induced hypertension-like symptoms in a rat model

Beneficial effects of Acer okamotoanum sap on L-NAME-induced hypertension-like symptoms in a rat model

Endothelial dysfunction in normotensive salt-sensitive subjects

No evidence that the skeletal non-response to potassium alkali supplements in healthy postmenopausal women depends on blood pressure or sodium chloride intake

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About