Salt intake in Ceylon

Mahadeva, K.; Karunanayake, E.H.

doi:10.1079/bjn19700084

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It indicates the low consumption of potassium rich food among participants. Results of other studies are in line with our findings 12,13,14,15 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This study estimated an overall daily intake of salt as 8.3g, which is 1.6 times higher than the WHO recommendation of 5g/day. In 1970, dietary data indicated daily salt intake was 7g in Sri Lanka 12 . Comparing our results with studies in other countries, similar results were found in India (8.6g) 13 , Australia (9.0g) 14 , UK (8.1g) 15 and higher levels in China (11.8g) 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of salt intake, potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio by 24-hour urinary excretion: an urban rural study in Sri Lanka

Jayatissa

Yamori²,

Silva³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Sodium intakes of different populations around the world became of interest after a positive correlation was drawn between dietary sodium intake and prevalence of hypertension. Sri Lanka has adopted a salt reduction strategy to combat high blood pressure in the population with escalation of non-communicable diseases. Objective: To measure intake of salt, potassium and sodium/potassium ratio of adults in urban and rural settings. Design: A community based study of 328 adults between 30-59 years, including equal numbers from urban and rural sectors. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Blood pressure was measured by a standardized automated measurement system and the mean of two readings was used for analysis. 24-hour urine was collected and measured for creatinine, sodium, potassium levels. Results: Mean daily salt consumption was 8.3g (95%CI:7.9,8.8), which is 1.6 times higher than WHO recommendation. Mean daily potassium intake was 1,265g (95%CI:1191.0,1339.3), which is 2.8 times lower and sodium/potassium ratio was 4.3 (95%CI:4.2,4.5), which is 7 times higher than WHO recommendation. Daily salt consumption was significantly higher in males (9.0g;95%CI:8.3,9.8) than females (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.2); rural (8.9g;95%CI:8.2-9.6,) than urban (7.7g;95%CI:7.2,8.3) with increasing body mass index (8.2g;95%CI:6.1,10.2 to 10.0g;95%CI:8.5,11.6). Systolic blood pressure was significantly positively correlated with high BMI and waist circumference. Conclusions: High salt consumption, low potassium intake and high sodium/potassium ratio was found in this population. This information can be used to set targets to reduce salt intake in the population. Need to create awareness to enhance the consumption of potassium rich food while reducing salt intake to minimize future NCD burden.

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“…It indicates the low consumption of potassium rich food among participants. Results of other studies are in line with our findings 12,13,14,15 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of salt intake, potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio by 24-hour urinary excretion: an urban rural study in Sri Lanka

Jayatissa

Yamori²,

Silva³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Per capita salt consumption was calculated based on amount of salt consumed per person per day in a household (33)(34)(35). According to WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF criteria, median UICs <20, 20-49, and 50-99 mg/L were representative of severe, moderate, and mild iodine deficiency, respectively.…”

Section: Definition Of Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Iodine Nutritional Status in Tehran, Iran: Iodine Deficiency Within Iodine Sufficiency

Nazeri

Mirmiran

Mehrabi

et al. 2010

Thyroid

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“…Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 49(1) level was 7 and 12 g /day, respectively (Mahadeva & Karunanayake, 1970;Jayatissa et al, 2017), indicating a large increase in per capita salt consumption in the last 45 years. Recent sub-national studies of salt intake in Sri Lanka using 24-hU reported mean salt intakes of 8.8 g/day in 2012 and 12.4 g/day in 2016 (Gamage et al, 2017).…”

Section: March 2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to monitor the national salt reduction efforts in Sri Lanka and status of salt, potassium and iodine intake in an adult Sri Lankan community

Jayatissa

Santos

Rannan-Eliya

et al. 2021

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Sri Lanka has initiated a salt reduction strategy in 2019 to reduce salt consumption to 8 g/day by 2025. Recent national level salt consumption data is lacking. Although 24hour urine (24-hU) collection is the gold standard to assess salt intake, an alternative easy option for monitoring population salt consumption is needed. Objectives of this study were to assess the current salt, potassium, and iodine intake of adults based on 24-hU, and identify the best prediction equation to estimate these nutrients from spot urine (SU) samples. A crosssectional study was conducted among adults between 25-64 years of age. 24-hU and SU samples were collected. Several equations were used to estimate salt, potassium, and iodine from SU samples. The agreement between the estimates from 24-hU and SU was assessed through Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients. Among 852 adults recruited, 629 provided complete 24-hU. Measured 24-hU salt, potassium and iodine were: 11.4 (IQR 7.7-17.1) g, 2.1 (95 % CI 1.9-2.2) g and 209.8 (IQR 130.9-310.9) µg, respectively. Comparison of estimates from 24-hU and SU samples showed that Kawasaki equation provided the closest estimate for salt intake [median bias -0.4(5.2-4.0) g; ICC 0.39; misclassification 13.6 %]; the equations used to estimate potassium intake performed poorly; while the Zimmerman equation provided the closest estimate for iodine [median bias -13.2 (-129.8-92.7) µg; ICC 0.33; misclassification 37.2 %]. The adult population studied in Sri Lanka had high salt, low potassium, and optimum iodine intakes compared to the WHO recommendations. Collection of 24-hU in a subset of SU samples will be important to monitor the salt reduction efforts.

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Salt intake in Ceylon

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Estimation of salt intake, potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio by 24-hour urinary excretion: an urban rural study in Sri Lanka

Estimation of salt intake, potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio by 24-hour urinary excretion: an urban rural study in Sri Lanka

Evaluation of Iodine Nutritional Status in Tehran, Iran: Iodine Deficiency Within Iodine Sufficiency

A method to monitor the national salt reduction efforts in Sri Lanka and status of salt, potassium and iodine intake in an adult Sri Lankan community

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