Salt-influenced normal fault growth and forced folding: The Stavanger Fault System, North Sea

Lewis, Matthew M.; Jackson, Christopher; Gawthorpe, Rob L.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2013.07.015

Cited by 69 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…5. The presence of other faults at this depth may suggest that F2 was not a single fault but part of a ductile strand that are kinematically linked over the crest of the salt structure (e.g., Koyi and Petersen, 1993;Koyi et al, 1993a,b;Lewis et al, 2013b). Fault F2 may therefore extend beyond the interpreted lower tip or is dip-linked with additional faults at depth.…”

Section: Tectonic Evolution Of Faultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evolution and character of supra-salt faults in the Easternmost Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea

Omosanya

Johansen

Harishidayat

2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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a b s t r a c tThis study investigates the evolution of supra-salt faults in the Eastern Hammerfest Basin using high equality seismic reflection data. Traditional techniques of displacement analysis, including the variation of fault displacement (throw) against distance (x), depth (z), expansion and growth indices were adopted. Fault reactivation was assessed using bivariate plots of a) cumulative throw vs. age and b) throw (t) vs. depth of nine (9) representative faults.The interpreted faults are supra-salt crestal and synclinal faults striking NE, E and SE. These faults have complicated t-x and t-z plots and are characterized by considerable stratigraphic thickening in their downthrown section. Faults in the study area have developed over the salt structure since latest Paleozoic times; some of them were reactivated by Early to Middle Triassic through dip linkage of initially isolated fault sets. Along strike, the fault exhibit complex segmentation through coalescence of several subunits linked by local throw/displacement minima. Expansion and growth indices show that the faults of the study area developed during the deposition of Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous sediments by polycyclic growth involving both blind and syn-sedimentary activity.An important piece of information from this study is that fault propagation is controlled by lithological heterogeneity and that both lateral and vertical segmentation of faults are important for hydrocarbon migration within the Triassic to Late Cretaceous interval.

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Section: Tectonic Evolution Of Faultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evolution and character of supra-salt faults in the Easternmost Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea

Omosanya

Johansen

Harishidayat

2015

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…Studies have shown that the development of sub-parallel striking cover-restricted normal faults can be invoked by increased tilting, flexure and gravity gliding of cover sediments above basement normal faults (Vendeville et al 1995;Withjack and Callaway, 2000). Furthermore, analysis using 3D seismic datasets from the North Sea have shown a geometric and kinematic relationship between reactivation of sub-salt basement normal faults and the development of supra-salt normal fault systems, with extension in cover sediments instigated by basement normal fault reactivation Lewis et al 2013;Tvedt et al 2013). Based on our data, we interpret a potential kinematic relationship between underlying basement normal faults and the gravity-driven normal faults developed within Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rock, which is schematically expressed (Figure 4).…”

Section: Implications For Normal Fault Growth and Hydrocarbon Prospecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of gravity-driven normal faults is somewhat more complex when attempting to understand the geometric and kinematic relationship they have with underlying rifting basement faults (e.g. Jackson and Rotevatn, 2013;Lewis et al 2013;Tvedt et al 2013). Studies have documented that tilting, flexure and gravity gliding increases in sedimentary rock located directly above basement normal faults and this may invoke the growth of sub-parallel striking, cover restricted normal faults (Vendeville et al 1995;Withjack and Callaway, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of gravity-driven normal faults using a 3D seismic reflection dataset from the present-day shelf-edge break of the Otway Basin, Australia

Robson

King

Holford

2016

ASEG Extended Abstracts

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SUMMARYThe growth, interaction and controls of gravity-driven normal faults is somewhat understudied. Using three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) seismic reflection data, located at the present-day shelf-edge break and into the deepwater province of the Otway Basin, southern Australia, we aim to temporally and spatially constrain the development of a normal fault system and determine the controls on growth. The Otway Basin is a Late Jurassic to Cenozoic age, rift-to-passive margin basin. The seismic reflection data images a gravity-driven fault array, consisting of ten fault segments, striking NW-SE (128-308), located within Upper Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rock. We analyse the growth of a gravity-driven hard-linked fault assemblage interacting with basement normal faults. Our analysis shows that the fault assemblage is linked to major basement faults and displays TuronianSantonian nucleation, continued growth until the latest-Maastrichtian and a maximum throw of 1.74 km. High variability of throw along-strike and down-dip of the fault assemblage indicates growth via lateral and vertical segment linkage. We interpret that the spatial and temporal evolution of the fault assemblage is the result of rifting basement fault control during Upper Cretaceous resumed crustal extension in the Otway Basin. The control of the rifting basement faults on these gravity-driven normal faults has implications towards the growth and petroleum prospectivity of gravity-driven normal faults on passive margins such as the Niger Delta and Gulf of Mexico, but also towards gravity-driven normal faults developed in supra-salt sedimentary rock in rift basins, such as the North Sea and Suez Rift.

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“…Zechstein Supergroup control the structural styles that develop during Middle Jurassic-to-Early Cretaceous 492 rifting (see also Lewis et al, 2013;Jackson and Lewis, 2016). Diapirism is common in hangingwall basins, 493 where autochthonous salt was thick and halite-rich (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt thickness and composition influence rift structural style, northern North Sea, offshore Norway

Jackson¹,

Elliott²,

Evrard³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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19 20'Salt' giants are typically halite-dominated, although they invariably contain other evaporite (e.g. anhydrite, 21 bittern salts) and non-evaporite (e.g. carbonate, clastic) rocks. Rheological differences between these rocks 22 mean they impact or respond to rift-related, upper crustal deformation in different ways. Our understanding 23 of basin-scale lithology variations in ancient salt giants, what controls this, and how this impacts later rift-24 related deformation, is poor, principally due to a lack of subsurface datasets of sufficiently regional extent. 25Here we use 2D seismic reflection and borehole data from offshore Norway to map compositional variations 26 within the Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian), relating this to the structural styles developed during Middle 27Jurassic-to-Early Cretaceous rifting. Based on the proportion of halite, we identify and map four intrasalt 28 depositional zones (sensu Clark et al., 1998) offshore Norway. We show that, at the basin margins, the 29 Zechstein Supergroup is carbonate-dominated, whereas towards the basin centre, it become increasingly 30 halite-dominated, a trend observed in the UK sector of the North Sea Basin and in other ancient salt giants. 31However, we also document abrupt, large magnitude compositional and thickness variations adjacent to 32 large, intra-basin normal faults; for example, thin, carbonate-dominated successions occur on fault-bounded 33 2 footwall highs, whereas thick, halite-dominated successions occur only a few kilometres away in adjacent 34 depocentres. It is presently unclear if this variability reflects variations in syn-depositional relief related to 35 flooding of an underfilled presalt (Early Permian) rift or syn-depositional (Lopingian) rift-related faulting. 36

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Salt-influenced normal fault growth and forced folding: The Stavanger Fault System, North Sea

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Evolution and character of supra-salt faults in the Easternmost Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea

Evolution and character of supra-salt faults in the Easternmost Hammerfest Basin, SW Barents Sea

Analysis of gravity-driven normal faults using a 3D seismic reflection dataset from the present-day shelf-edge break of the Otway Basin, Australia

Salt thickness and composition influence rift structural style, northern North Sea, offshore Norway

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