Salt induced oxidative stress alters physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Fal, Soufiane; Aasfar, A.; Rabie, Reda; Smouni, Abelaziz; Arroussi, Hicham El

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08811

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…Ionizing radiation generates various types of ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) in a dose-dependent manner via water radiolysis ( Lee et al., 2009 ). Especially, H 2 O 2 is the main ROS to mediate both oxidative damage and signaling in plants and algae ( Quan et al., 2008 ; Battah et al., 2015 ; Niu and Liao, 2016 ; Fal et al., 2022 ). X-irradiation at a dose range of 3–100 Gy induced a biphasic increase of ROS in a dose- and dose rate-dependent manner including the relatively low doses of 3 and 6 Gy ( Supplementary Figure 7 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Kim

Dubey²,

Hwangbo³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a eukaryotic, unicellular photosynthetic organism and a potential algal platform for producing biomass and recombinant proteins for industrial use. Ionizing radiation is a potent genotoxic and mutagenic agent used for algal mutation breeding that induces various DNA damage and repair responses. In this study, however, we explored the counterintuitive bioeffects of ionizing radiation, such as X- and γ-rays, and its potential as an elicitor to facilitate batch or fed-batch cultivation of Chlamydomonas cells. A certain dose range of X- and γ-rays was shown to stimulate the growth and metabolite production of Chlamydomonas cells. X- or γ-irradiation with relatively low doses below 10 Gy substantially increased chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid content as well as growth and photosynthetic activity in Chlamydomonas cells without inducing apoptotic cell death. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated the radiation-induced changes in DNA damage response (DDR) and various metabolic pathways with the dose-dependent expression of some DDR genes, such as CrRPA30, CrFEN1, CrKU, CrRAD51, CrOASTL2, CrGST2, and CrRPA70A. However, the overall transcriptomic changes were not causally associated with growth stimulation and/or enhanced metabolic activities. Nevertheless, the radiation-induced growth stimulation was strongly enhanced by repetitive X-irradiation and/or subsequent cultivation with an inorganic carbon source, i.e., NaHCO3, but was significantly inhibited by treatment of ascorbic acid, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The optimal dose range of X-irradiation for growth stimulation differed by genotype and radiation sensitivity. Here, we suggest that ionizing radiation within a certain dose range determined by genotype-dependent radiation sensitivity could induce growth stimulation and enhance metabolic activities, including photosynthesis, chlorophyll, protein, starch, and lipid synthesis in Chlamydomonas cells via ROS signaling. The counterintuitive benefits of a genotoxic and abiotic stress factor, i.e., ionizing radiation, in a unicellular algal organism, i.e., Chlamydomonas, may be explained by epigenetic stress memory or priming effects associated with ROS-mediated metabolic remodeling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Kim

Dubey²,

Hwangbo³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…As high carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio is considered an appropriate stress response of microalgae, the addition of 150 mM MgCl 2 to the microalgal cultures was possibly the strongest stress factor among those tested here (Saha et al, 2013). Salt stress modifies the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments in numerous microalgae (Romanenko et al, 2017;Elloumi et al, 2020;Fal et al, 2022). The contents of none of the major carotenoids extracted from G. emersonii KNU204 increased under MgCl 2 exposure (Figures 2E-G).…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Carotenoid Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Salt stress-induced variations in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents in microalgae are species-dependent (Fal et al, 2022;Haris et al, 2022). Furthermore, the appropriate concentration of salt required to alter the amount of bioactive compounds and biochemical products varies from species to species.…”

Section: Biochemical Composition Of Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salt stress on the biomass productivity and potential bioenergy feedstock of Graesiella emersonii KNUA204 isolated from Ulleungdo Island, South Korea

Yeo

Suh

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Microalgae are versatile, profitable, and promising sources of bioenergy and high-value products, having various applications in the biotechnology industry. Herein, G. emersonii KNUA204 was isolated from Ulleungdo Island, South Korea, and exposed to stressors, i.e., MgCl2 (75 and 150 mM) and NaCl (200 and 400 mM), to investigate improvement in its biomass productivity and feasibility of the application of biomass. Treatment with mild MgCl2 (75 mM) afforded the highest specific growth rate (μ = 0.13 d−1), dry cell weight (3 g L−1), and total carbohydrate content (29.87%). Although all salt treatments decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, treatment with high NaCl concentration (400 mM) afforded the highest zeaxanthin content (0.3 mg g−1). The proximate and ultimate analyses of biomass following treatment with 150 mM MgCl2 revealed 93.85% volatile matter and 22.55 MJ kg−1 calorific value, respectively, indicating that Graesiella emersonii KNUA204 can be potentially used as bioenergy feedstock. The biodiesel quality was established based on the fatty acid methyl ester profiles, and MgCl2 treatment increased the cetane number more than the control. Therefore, the treatment of G. emersonii KNUA204 with MgCl2 during cultivation could provide a microalgae-based bioenergy feedstock with high productivity.

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“…In this study, co-expression of FAX1-FAX2-ABCA2 resulted in a reduced ability to manage photosynthetic membrane components ( Figure 2 b), probably causing ROS over-accumulation ( Figure 5 c). ROS are key secondary messengers and mediators in microalgae which are involved in metabolite accumulation [ 44 ]—for example, over-accumulation of ROS accompanied by an increase in carbohydrate and lipid accumulation in Chlamydomonas under a high salinity stress condition [ 45 ]. Therefore, the higher intracellular ROS content in FAX1-FAX2-ABCA2 -OE is also one possible reason for the increased accumulation of TAG and starch ( Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Expression of Lipid Transporters Simultaneously Enhances Oil and Starch Accumulation in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Nitrogen Starvation

et al. 2023

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Lipid transporters synergistically contribute to oil accumulation under normal conditions in microalgae; however, their effects on lipid metabolism under stress conditions are unknown. Here, we examined the effect of the co-expression of lipid transporters, fatty acid transporters, (FAX1 and FAX2) and ABC transporter (ABCA2) on lipid metabolism and physiological changes in the green microalga Chlamydomonas under nitrogen (N) starvation. The results showed that the TAG content in FAX1-FAX2-ABCA2 over-expressor (OE) was 2.4-fold greater than in the parental line. Notably, in FAX1-FAX2-ABCA2-OE, the major membrane lipids and the starch and cellular biomass content also significantly increased compared with the control lines. Moreover, the expression levels of genes directly involved in TAG, fatty acid, and starch biosynthesis were upregulated. FAX1-FAX2-ABCA2-OE showed altered photosynthesis activity and increased ROS levels during nitrogen (N) deprivation. Our results indicated that FAX1-FAX2-ABCA2 overexpression not only enhanced cellular lipids but also improved starch and biomass contents under N starvation through modulation of lipid and starch metabolism and changes in photosynthesis activity. The strategy developed here could also be applied to other microalgae to produce FA-derived energy-rich and value-added compounds.

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Salt induced oxidative stress alters physiological, biochemical and metabolomic responses of green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cited by 51 publications

References 101 publications

Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Application of ionizing radiation as an elicitor to enhance the growth and metabolic activities in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Effect of salt stress on the biomass productivity and potential bioenergy feedstock of Graesiella emersonii KNUA204 isolated from Ulleungdo Island, South Korea

Co-Expression of Lipid Transporters Simultaneously Enhances Oil and Starch Accumulation in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Nitrogen Starvation

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