Salt acclimation processes in wheat

Abstract

Young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mv Béres) were exposed to 0 or 25 mM NaCl for 11 days (salt acclimation). Thereafter the plants were irrigated with 500 mM NaCl for 5 days (salt stress). Irrigating the plants with a low concentration of NaCl successfully led to a reduction in chlorotic symptoms and in the impairment of the photosynthetic processes when the plants were exposed to subsequent high-dose salt treatment. After exposure to a high concentration of NaCl there was no difference in leaf Na content between the salt-acclimated and non-acclimated plants, indicating that salt acclimation did not significantly modify Na transport to the shoots. While the polyamine level was lower in salt-treated plants than in the 2 control, salt acclimation led to increased osmotic potential in the leaves. Similarly, the activities of certain antioxidant enzymes, namely glutathione reductase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, were significantly higher in salt-acclimated plants. The results also suggest that while SOS1, SOS2 or NHX2 do not play a decisive role in the salt acclimation processes in young wheat plants; another stress-related gene, WALI6, may contribute to the success of the salt acclimation processes. The present study suggested that the responses of wheat plants to acclimation with low level of salt and to treatment with high doses of salt may be fundamentally different.

Differing metabolic responses to salt stress in wheat-barley addition lines containing different 7H chromosomal fragments

“…The total RNA content was isolated with a Direct-zol ™ RNA MiniPrep Kit (Zymo Research, USA) and TRI-Reagent (Zymo Research, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. M-MLV-Reverse transcriptase was used for the cDNA synthesis as described in [20]. …”

Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance is enhanced by abscisic acid priming in wheat

“…An initial response to salt stress is stomatal closure through the action of ABA (Garcia de la Garma et al 2015, Janda et al 2016). Enhanced ABA levels cause an increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, hence leading to guard cell depolarization and stomatal closure (Blatt 2000).…”

“…Higher plants have developed several strategies to respond and adapt to salt stress and thus acquire stress tolerance, including activation of the antioxidant systems (Pandolfi et al 2016), induction of phytohormones (abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene) (Garcia de la Garma et al 2015), control of the ion uptake and translocation, and adjustment of the photosynthetic processes (Janda et al 2014(Janda et al , 2016. A large body of evidence has shown that an early exposure to a moderate stressor can prepare the plants more quickly or actively to respond to subsequent stress (Bruce et al 2007, Li et al 2015, Liu et al 2017.…”

“…the early moderate stressor) is referred to 'priming' . Janda et al (2016) documented that acclimation with low level of salt improves the salt tolerance via increasing osmotic potential and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes and regulating related gene expressions.…”

Salt response of photosynthetic electron transport system in wheat cultivars with contrasting tolerance

“…Higher plants, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), have developed several survival mechanisms to improve their tolerance to salt stress (Janda et al 2016). High salt-resistant cultivars can maintain a better water status and reduce the effects of saltinduced osmotic stress by control of ion uptake by roots and their transport to photosynthetic tissues in leaves (Parida and Das 2005).…”