Differing metabolic responses to salt stress in wheat-barley addition lines containing different 7H chromosomal fragments

Abstract

Salinity-induced osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress responses were investigated on Asakaze/Manas wheat/barley addition lines 7H, 7HL and 7HS, together with their barley (salt-tolerant) and wheat (relatively salt-sensitive) parents. Growth, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll degradation, proline, glycine betaine accumulation, sugar metabolism, Na+ and K+ uptake and transport processes and the role of polyamines and antioxidants were studied in young plants grown in hydroponic culture with or without salt treatment. Changes in plant growth and photosynthetic activity of plants demonstrated that the salt tolerance of the addition lines 7H and 7HL was similar to that of barley parent cv. Manas, while the sensitivity of the addition line 7HS was similar to that of the wheat parent cv. Asakaze. The Na accumulation in the roots and shoots did not differ between the addition lines and wheat parent. The activation of various genes related to Na uptake and transport was not correlated with the salt tolerance of the genotypes. These results indicated that the direct regulation of Na transport processes is not the main reason for the salt tolerance of these genotypes. Salt treatment induced a complex metabolic rearrangement in both the roots and shoots of all the genotypes. Elevated proline accumulation in the roots and enhanced sugar metabolism in the shoots were found to be important for salt tolerance in the 7H and 7HL addition lines and in barley cv. Manas. In wheat cv. Asakaze and the 7HS addition line the polyamine metabolism was activated. It seems that osmotic adjustment is a more important process in the improvement of salt tolerance in 7H addition lines than the direct regulation of Na transport processes or antioxidant defence.

Redox and Ionic Homeostasis Regulations against Oxidative, Salinity and Drought Stress in Wheat (A Systems Biology Approach)

“…Wheat plants utilizes phenotypic plasticity to mitigate the effects of salinity stress by upregulating of various stress responsive genes including ion transporters, transcriptional factors, signaling pathway modifiers, osmolytes production and antioxidative enzymes ( Ge et al, 2013 ). Numerous pathway responses that altered due to the salinity mark the salt-responsive genes in tolerant plants which facilitate to understand the expression prototype of existing genes during the whole span of stress ( Darko et al, 2017 ). Many genes are implicated in salinity tolerance; however, a comprehensive investigation is needed to resolve the complexity of the response to salinity stress at the genomic level ( Abogadallah, 2010 ; Darko et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Numerous pathway responses that altered due to the salinity mark the salt-responsive genes in tolerant plants which facilitate to understand the expression prototype of existing genes during the whole span of stress ( Darko et al, 2017 ). Many genes are implicated in salinity tolerance; however, a comprehensive investigation is needed to resolve the complexity of the response to salinity stress at the genomic level ( Abogadallah, 2010 ; Darko et al, 2017 ). Unification of systems biology and omics could specifically elucidate the genomic and metabolic responses of cells in a precise manner, providing better insights into various interconnecting signaling process that regulate cellular homeostatic machinery during stress.…”

“…Moreover, salinity stress is predicted to hamper photosynthesis, enhance photorespiration, deactivate enzymes, increase ROS damage, and ultimately lead to chloroplast damage. Hence, plants have developed various processes, including salt exclusion and compartmentalization ( Zhang et al, 2016 ), to effect the successive biological and physiological changes that mitigate the harmful effects of salt stress ( Darko et al, 2017 ). This phenotypic plasticity is governed by the upregulation and downregulation of different genes to decrease or protect from ROS damage, reformulate osmotic and ionic balance, and resume growth during high levels of salinity stress ( Liu et al, 2014 ).…”

Nanotechnology Scope and Applications for Wheat Production and Quality Enhancement:A Review of Recent Advances

“…Poor germination and seedling establishment are the results of soil salinity, which adversely affects plants growth and development and results in to low agricultural production (Sharma et al, 2015;Miransari and Smith, 2007). The effects of salinity at seedling stage of wheat range from reduction in germination percentage, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots to the uptake of various nutrient ions (Darko et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2014). Salt stress decreases the growth, mineral nutrients, grain yield, chlorophyll content and gas exchange characteristics in wheat (Rehman et al, 2016).…”

Identification of Phenotypic and Physiological Markers of Salt Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) through Integrated Analyses

“…For example, salt stress-induced alterations in carbohydrate metabolism have been investigated in several species [19,20] including wheat [20,21]. A decrease in starch has been observed, in rice [22], in barley and wheat [23], whereas an accumulation of soluble sugars occurred in rice [22,24] and wheat [25][26][27]. It was hypothesized that the changes in the contents of carbohydrates, which are molecules that can maintain cell turgor or act as respiratory substrates, could circumvent the negative impact of osmotic stress on plant growth and development [28,29].…”