SALOMON: a new, light balloonborne UV–visible spectrometer for nighttime observations of stratospheric trace-gas species

Renard, Jean‐Baptiste; Chartier, Michel; Robert, Claude; Chalumeau, Gilles; Berthet, Gwenaël; Pirre, Michel; Pommereau, Jean‐Pierre; Goutail, Florence

doi:10.1364/ao.39.000386

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The Fraunhoffer lines of the moon spectra do not allow the direct estimation of the NO3 contribution in the reference spectrum. In this case, large negative values appear during the retrieval: the most negative value obtained provides an estimate of this contribution, or at least its lower limit [Renard et al, 2000]. Here the correction is equal to 4 1014 cm -2, which corresponds to 50% of the maximum of the slant column densities profile.…”

Section: No3 Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Renard¹,

Taupin²,

Rivière³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: No3 Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The description of the NO3 retrieval from balloonborne measurements is given by Renard et al [1996Renard et al [ , 1999aRenard et al [ , 2000. Nevertheless, some specific points will be discussed here.…”

Section: No3 Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Renard¹,

Taupin²,

Rivière³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Vertical concentration profiles have been derived using an a posteriori least-squares inversion technique (Rodgers et al, 2000), taking into account the fitting error and the uncertainties of the cross sections. Note that the data reduction method used in this study is described by Renard et al (2000) and Berthet et al (2002). For the flight presented in this study we have added an HR4000 UV spectrometer from Ocean Optics to detect BrO absorption lines in the 346-360 nm range as done for the DOAS instrument.…”

Section: A4 the Salomon Remote-sensing Uv-visible Spectrometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The major volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 has been shown to have significant effects on stratospheric chemistry and ozone depletion even at midlatitudes. Since then, only "moderate" but recurrent volcanic eruptions have modulated the stratospheric aerosol loading and are assumed to be one cause for the reported increase in the global aerosol content over the past 15 years. This particularly enhanced aerosol context raises questions about the effects on stratospheric chemistry which depend on the latitude, altitude and season of injection. In this study, we focus on the midlatitude Sarychev volcano eruption in June 2009, which injected 0.9 Tg of sulfur dioxide (about 20 times less than Pinatubo) into a lower stratosphere mainly governed by high-stratospheric temperatures. Together with in situ measurements of aerosol amounts, we analyse high-resolution in situ and/or remote-sensing observations of NO 2 , HNO 3 and BrO from balloon-borne infrared and UV-visible spectrometers launched in Sweden in August-September 2009. It is shown that differences between observations and threedimensional (3-D) chemistry-transport model (CTM) outputs are not due to transport calculation issues but rather reflect the chemical impact of the volcanic plume below 19 km altitude. Good measurement-model agreement is obtained when the CTM is driven by volcanic aerosol loadings derived from in situ or space-borne data. As a result of enhanced N 2 O 5 hydrolysis in the Sarychev volcanic aerosol conditions, the model calculates reductions of ∼ 45 % and increases of ∼ 11 % in NO 2 and HNO 3 amounts respectively over the August-September 2009 period. The decrease in NO x abundances is limited due to the expected saturation effect for high aerosol loadings. The links between the various chemical catalytic cycles involving chlorine, bromine, nitrogen and HO x compounds in the lower stratosphere are discussed. The increased BrO amounts (∼ 22 %) compare rather well with the balloon-borne observations when volcanic aerosol levels are accounted for in the CTM and appear to be mainly controlled by the coupling with nitrogen chemistry rather than by enhanced BrONO 2 hydrolysis. We show Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2230G. Berthet et al.: Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere that the chlorine partitioning is significantly controlled by enhanced BrONO 2 hydrolysis. However, simulated effects of the Sarychev eruption on chlorine activation are very limited in the high-temperature conditions in the stratosphere in the period considered, inhibiting the effect of ClONO 2 hydrolysis. As a consequence, the simulated chemical ozone loss due to the Sarychev aerosols is low with a reduction of −22 ppbv (−1.5 %) of the ozone budget around 16 km. This is at least 10 times lower than the maximum ozone depletion from chemical processes (up to −20 %) reported in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere over the first year following the Pinatubo erupti...

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“…On 25 August 2009, we flew a successor of the former SALOMON instrument, which was described by Renard et al (2000). The new version of the instrument is able to either use the Moon or the Sun as light source.…”

Section: Balloon-borne and Ground-based Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer

et al. 2013

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Aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption (Kuril Islands, northeast of Japan) were observed in the Arctic lower stratosphere a few days after the strongest SO₂ injection which occurred on 15 and 16 June 2009. From the observations provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) an estimated 0.9 Tg of sulphur dioxide was injected into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The resultant stratospheric sulphate aerosols were detected from satellites by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and from the surface by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes (NDACC) lidar deployed at OHP (Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France). By the first week of July the aerosol plume had spread out over the entire Arctic region. The Sarychev-induced stratospheric aerosol over the Kiruna region (north of Sweden) was measured by the Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosol Counter (STAC) during eight balloon flights planned in August and September 2009. During this balloon campaign the Micro Radiomètre Ballon (MicroRADIBAL) and the Spectroscopie d'Absorption Lunaire pour l'Observation des Minoritaires Ozone et NOx (SALOMON) remote-sensing instruments also observed these aerosols. Aerosol concentrations returned to near-background levels by spring 2010. The effective radius, the surface area density (SAD), the aerosol extinction, and the total sulphur mass from STAC in situ measurements are enhanced with mean values in the range 0.15–0.21 μm, 5.5–14.7 μm² cm⁻³, 5.5–29.5 × 10⁻⁴ km⁻¹, and 4.9–12.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ kg[S] kg⁻¹[air], respectively, between 14 km and 18 km. The observed and modelled e-folding time of sulphate aerosols from the Sarychev eruption is around 70–80 days, a value much shorter than the 12–14 months calculated for aerosols from the 1991 eruption of Mt Pinatubo. The OSIRIS stratospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 750 nm is enhanced by a factor of 6, with a value of 0.02 in late July compared to 0.0035 before the eruption. The HadGEM2 and MIMOSA model outputs indicate that aerosol layers in polar region up to 14–15 km are largely modulated by stratosphere–troposphere exchange processes. The spatial extent of the Sarychev plume is well represented in the HadGEM2 model with lower altitudes of the plume being controlled by upper tropospheric troughs which displace the plume downward and upper altitudes around 18–20 km, in agreement with lidar observations. Good consistency is found between the HadGEM2 sulphur mass density and the value inferred from the STAC observations, with a maximum located about 1 km above the tropopause ranging from 1 to 2 × 10⁻⁹ kg[S] kg⁻¹[air], which is one order of magnitude higher than the background level

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SALOMON: a new, light balloonborne UV–visible spectrometer for nighttime observations of stratospheric trace-gas species

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer

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SALOMON: a new, light balloonborne UV–visible spectrometer for nighttime observations of stratospheric trace-gas species

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO3 at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO3 at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

Stratospheric aerosols from the Sarychev volcano eruption in the 2009 Arctic summer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere