Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO<sub>3</sub> at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Renard, Jean‐Baptiste; Taupin, F. G.; Rivière, Emmanuel; Pirre, Michel; Huret, Nathalie; Berthet, Gwenaël; Robert, Claude; Chartier, Michel; Pepe, Fabrizio; George, Midhun

doi:10.1029/2001jd000361

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It may be tricky to compare model calculations with highresolution in situ profiles and with remote-sensing observations integrating over tens of kilometres . For instance, discrepancies between remote-sensing observations and model calculations have been reported for stratospheric NO 3 in the case of localized temperature inhomogeneities as a result of the strong dependence of NO 3 cross sections and kinetics on temperature (Renard et al, 2001). N 2 O 5 and NO 2 may be subsequently impacted because NO 3 , together with NO 2 , plays a central role in the equilibrium reaction controlling N 2 O 5 in the gas phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The major volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 has been shown to have significant effects on stratospheric chemistry and ozone depletion even at midlatitudes. Since then, only "moderate" but recurrent volcanic eruptions have modulated the stratospheric aerosol loading and are assumed to be one cause for the reported increase in the global aerosol content over the past 15 years. This particularly enhanced aerosol context raises questions about the effects on stratospheric chemistry which depend on the latitude, altitude and season of injection. In this study, we focus on the midlatitude Sarychev volcano eruption in June 2009, which injected 0.9 Tg of sulfur dioxide (about 20 times less than Pinatubo) into a lower stratosphere mainly governed by high-stratospheric temperatures. Together with in situ measurements of aerosol amounts, we analyse high-resolution in situ and/or remote-sensing observations of NO 2 , HNO 3 and BrO from balloon-borne infrared and UV-visible spectrometers launched in Sweden in August-September 2009. It is shown that differences between observations and threedimensional (3-D) chemistry-transport model (CTM) outputs are not due to transport calculation issues but rather reflect the chemical impact of the volcanic plume below 19 km altitude. Good measurement-model agreement is obtained when the CTM is driven by volcanic aerosol loadings derived from in situ or space-borne data. As a result of enhanced N 2 O 5 hydrolysis in the Sarychev volcanic aerosol conditions, the model calculates reductions of ∼ 45 % and increases of ∼ 11 % in NO 2 and HNO 3 amounts respectively over the August-September 2009 period. The decrease in NO x abundances is limited due to the expected saturation effect for high aerosol loadings. The links between the various chemical catalytic cycles involving chlorine, bromine, nitrogen and HO x compounds in the lower stratosphere are discussed. The increased BrO amounts (∼ 22 %) compare rather well with the balloon-borne observations when volcanic aerosol levels are accounted for in the CTM and appear to be mainly controlled by the coupling with nitrogen chemistry rather than by enhanced BrONO 2 hydrolysis. We show Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2230G. Berthet et al.: Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere that the chlorine partitioning is significantly controlled by enhanced BrONO 2 hydrolysis. However, simulated effects of the Sarychev eruption on chlorine activation are very limited in the high-temperature conditions in the stratosphere in the period considered, inhibiting the effect of ClONO 2 hydrolysis. As a consequence, the simulated chemical ozone loss due to the Sarychev aerosols is low with a reduction of −22 ppbv (−1.5 %) of the ozone budget around 16 km. This is at least 10 times lower than the maximum ozone depletion from chemical processes (up to −20 %) reported in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere over the first year following the Pinatubo erupti...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

et al. 2017

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“…Since then, other measurements of atmospheric NO 3 column at low and midlatitudes at urban-influenced and remote ground-based sites have been made by using the Moon as a light source and employing differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) Jones, 1996a,b, 1998;Lal et al, 1993;Renard et al, 2001;Solomon et al, 1989). Also, vertical concentration profiles of NO 3 have been inferred from ground-based measurements by observing NO 3 in the slant column during sunrise with direct lunar, zenith sky, and off-axis methods Coe et al, 2002;Smith and Solomon, 1990;Smith et al, 1993;von Friedeburg et al, 2002;Weaver et al, 1996).…”

Section: M Chen Et Al: Diurnal Variation Of Midlatitudinal No 3 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO<sub>3</sub> column abundance over table mountain facility, California

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The column abundance of NO 3 was measured over Table Mountain Facility, CA (34.4 • N, 117.7 • W) from May 2003 through September 2004, using lunar occultation near full moon with a grating spectrometer. The NO 3 column retrieval was performed with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique using both the 623 and 662 nm NO 3 absorption bands. Other spectral features such as Fraunhofer lines and absorption from water vapor and oxygen were removed using solar spectra obtained at different airmass factors. We observed a seasonal variation, with nocturnally averaged NO 3 columns between 5 − 7 × 10 13 molec cm −2 during October through March, and 5 − 22 × 10 13 molec cm −2 during April through September. A subset of the data, with diurnal variability vastly different from the temporal profile obtained from onedimensional stratospheric model calculations, clearly has boundary layer contributions; this was confirmed by simultaneous long-path DOAS measurements. However, even the NO 3 columns that did follow the modeled time evolution were often much larger than modeled stratospheric partial columns constrained by realistic temperatures and ozone concentrations. This discrepancy is attributed to substantial tropospheric NO 3 in the free troposphere, which may have the same time dependence as stratospheric NO 3 .

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“…The difference between k 1 (T) calculated with the value of 2400°K and k 1 (T) calculated using the JPL recommended value (2450°K) is 23% which is within the JPL recommended uncertainties for k 1 (T) (30%). The new activation energy is still very close to the value of 2430°K derived by Renard et al [2001] but it is about 10% lower than the value of 2740°K found by Renard et al [2005] study. Note that, the comparison with this latter study is not as straightforward because their adjustment also led to a factor 4 enhancement of the pre-exponential factor of k 1 that is also called the Arrhenius A-factor.…”

Section: Minimization Of Temperature Retrieval Biasmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Several attempts have been made to estimate the rate constant of reaction (R1) from balloon-borne NO 3 measurements. Renard et al [2001] found the best agreement between balloon-borne measurements carried out during the 90 s and photochemical model calculations for a value of 2430°K for the activation energy (E/R, which is strictly speaking the ''activation temperature'') of reaction (R1). They have updated this work using more recent balloon observations carried out between October 1998 and September 2002 [Renard et al, 2005].…”

Section: Minimization Of Temperature Retrieval Biasmentioning

confidence: 83%

Temperature retrieval from stratospheric O₃ and NO₃ GOMOS data

Marchand¹,

Bekki²,

Lefèvre³

et al. 2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] The chemistry of some species is strongly dependent on temperature. The typical example is the nighttime NO 3 chemistry. We use a simple steady state relationship for NO 3 to derive temperature from measurements of O 3 and NO 3 by the satellite GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) instrument. GOMOS-retrieved temperatures are validated against ECMWF (European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecast) temperatures. The temperature between 30 and 40 km can be retrieved with a bias of 3°K and a precision of about 3°K. The small bias can easily be removed by slightly adjusting the temperature-dependency of the NO 2 + O 3 reaction in the steady state relationship. The results demonstrate that measurements of chemical species contain useful information on the temperature that can be extracted when the temperature-dependent chemistry is known accurately. This temperature-dependency of chemical systems could in the long term be exploited in weather data assimilation system.

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Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO<sub>3</sub> column abundance over table mountain facility, California

Temperature retrieval from stratospheric O₃ and NO₃ GOMOS data

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Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO3 at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Cited by 19 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations

Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; column abundance over table mountain facility, California

Temperature retrieval from stratospheric O3 and NO3 GOMOS data

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Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO₃ at mid and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere

Diurnal variation of midlatitudinal NO<sub>3</sub> column abundance over table mountain facility, California

Temperature retrieval from stratospheric O₃ and NO₃ GOMOS data