Salmonellosis in veal calves. Some therapeutic aspects

Groothuis, D.G.; Miert, A. S. J. P. A. M. van

doi:10.1080/01652176.1987.9694083

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…, 1993). Species differences with regard to the effect of endotoxin on the elimination half‐life have also been demonstrated with other antimicrobial agents (Groothuis & van Miert, 1987; Jernigan et al. , 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline in calves

Kumar

Malik

2003

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) (10 mg/kg) was investigated in five healthy ruminating male crossbred calves. The serum concentration-time data of OTC before and after endotoxin challenge were best described by a two-compartment open model. Repeated administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 microg/kg, i.v.) at an interval of 12 h up to 48 h produced a clear rise in the body temperature and an increase in the pulse and respiration rates. Endotoxin caused a significant reduction in mean transit time in tissue compartment (MTTT) (P < or = 0.05), mean residence time in the peripheral tissue compartment (MRTT) (P < or = 0.05), mean residence time in the body (MRTB) (P < or = 0.05), elimination half-life (t1/2lambda2) (P < or = 0.05) and distribution space in tissues (VT) (P < or = 0.01) and at steady-state (Vd(ss)) (P < or = 0.01). Endotoxin had no effect on the distribution clearance (ClD), systemic clearance (Cl) and distribution half-life of OTC, while the values of first order rate constant of transfer of drug from tissue to central compartment (K21) and the zero time intercept at terminal phase (C2) were significantly high. The drug dosage regimens to maintain serum OTC concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 microg/mL were also determined in febrile and clinically healthy animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline in calves

Kumar

Malik

2003

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…A number of studies have examined the survival of this bacterium in animal waste maintained under anaerobic and aerobic conditions 12 . During an outbreak and even on farms with endemic Salmonella infections, the prevalence of faecal shedding of this bacterium may approach 90 % 16 . This would explicitly indicate another possible source of Salmonella infection in livestock in South Africa, where dung and livestock enclosure wastes could be used as manure fertilisers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

Kidanemariam¹,

Engelbrecht²,

Picard³

2010

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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A retrospective study that involves the analysis of laboratory diagnostic data collected during the period 1996-2006 was conducted. A total of 3417 Salmonella isolations involving 183 different serotypes was recorded from 1999-2006, inclusive, at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. The most common serotypes were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (917 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Dublin (248 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (232 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Muenchen (164 incidents), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Heidelberg (118 incidents) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Chester (113 incidents). The number of recorded Salmonella isolations over the period 1996 to 2006 varies considerably from year to year. The peak of 693 isolations was recorded in 1997, and the lowest, 108 incidents, in 2001. Of the total incidents recorded during the period of survey, 2410 (70.5 %) occurred in poultry and other birds, 641 (18.75 %) occurred in cattle, 255 (7.46) in pigs and 111 (3.24 %) in sheep. Despite the large number of serotypes isolated (183), 52% of incidents were due to only 6 serotypes in decreasing order of prevalence : S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, S. Muenchen, S. Heidelberg and S. Chester. Serovar Typhimurium was the most common serotype and was detected in all animal species sampled, with, 65 % (598) of the incidents occurring in poultry and 20 % (187) occurring in cattle. Of the total of 248 incidents of S. Dublin serotype, 95.6 % (237) of incidents occurred in cattle and of the 232 isolates of S. Enteritidis, 223 (96 %) originated from poultry. Serovar Choleraesuis was identified in 16 isolates from pigs. The following 4 serotypes were each recorded in more than 50 incidents : S. Hadar (102), S. Schwarzengrund (99), S. Mbandaka (94) and S. Sandiego (73). The trends of annual incidence of Salmonella infection in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and other birds during the 11-year period and the distribution of the main serotypes in individual species of animals from 1996-2006 are discussed

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“…The use of trimethoprim with a sulfonamide simultaneously would prevent resistance developing. In vitro it is easy to demonstrate synergism with these drugs (Mengelers et al, 1990), and indeed sometimes a bactericidal effect can be demonstrated (Groothuis & van Miert, 1987). However, using biological fluids such as blood and infected urine synergy seldom occurs and indeed all, or nearly all, the activity of such combinations are due to just the trimethoprim component.…”

Section: Suljonamide-diaminopyrimidine Combinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sulfonamide‐diaminopyrimidine story*

Miert

1994

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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This paper is devoted to chemotherapy in the sense that Paul Ehrlich (Nobel Prize winner in 1908) coined the word: to describe the cure of infectious diseases by chemical agents without injury to the organism infected. This approach, essentially that of selective toxicity, is applicable to the investigations performed by Gerhard Domagk (Nobel Prize winner in 1939), which resulted in the development of Prontosil rubrum. This agent was active in vivo but not in vitro. Tréfouël supposed that the in vivo action was due to a metabolite of the drug (sulfanilamide), a hypothesis later proved by Fuller in 1937. Sulfanilamide was a simple agent, easy to manufacture and free of patent rights. Thus, more than 5400 derivatives were synthesized and studied in the decades that followed. Research on the side-effects of sulfonamides resulted in the development of diuretics and antidiabetogenic agents. The resurgence of interest in sulfonamides in following years has been associated with the development of diaminopyrimidines by Hitchings (Nobel Prize winner in 1988). It soon became evident that combinations of these drugs produced potent synergistic effects. Trimethoprim, a potent antibacterial agent of this series, was selected for combining with sulfonamides such as sulfadiazine. This line is still continued and even recently new diaminopyrimidine derivatives such as aditoprim and baquiloprim have been synthesized having superior properties in farm animal species. Thus, even nowadays the principles of Ehrlich continue to have a major impact on the development of new veterinary drugs.

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Salmonellosis in veal calves. Some therapeutic aspects

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline in calves

Influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline in calves

Retrospective study on the incidence of Salmonella isolations in animals in South Africa, 1996 to 2006

The sulfonamide‐diaminopyrimidine story*

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