Influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline in calves

Kumar, Rajiv; Malik, Jitendra K.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00474.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…As shown in Figuer 1 and Table , the three doses administration of LPS in sheep did not modify significantly the plasma concentrations and the pharmacokinetics variables of IVM by comparison to the values observed in healthy saline‐treated sheep. These results are different to those observed in LPS‐treated animals with highly lipophilic drugs like enrofloxacin in pigs (Post, Farrel, Cope, Baker, & Myers, ), oxytetracycline in calves (Kumar & Malik, ), or florfenicol in sheep (Pérez et al., ).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Ivermectin After An Intravenoucontrasting

confidence: 74%

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep following pretreatment with Escherichia coli endotoxin

Riquelme

Cazanga

Jeldres

et al. 2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The comparative pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM), between healthy and in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injected sheep, was investigated after an intravenous (IV) administration of a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Ten Suffolk Down sheep, 55 ± 3.3 kg, were distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS): treated with three doses of 1 μg LPS/kg bw at -24, -16, and -0.75 hr before IVM; group 2 (Control): treated with saline solution (SS). An IV dose of 0.2 mg IVM/kg was administered 45 min after the last injection of LPS or SS. Plasma concentrations of IVM were determined by liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on non-compartmental modeling. In healthy sheep, the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: elimination half-life (2.85 days), mean residence time (MRT) (2.27 days), area under the plasma concentration curve over time (AUC, 117.4 ng day ml ), volume of distribution (875.6 ml/kg), and clearance (187.1 ml/day). No statistically significant differences were observed when compared with the results obtained from the group of sheep treated with LPS. It is concluded that the acute inflammatory response (AIR) induced by the intravenous administration of E. coli LPS in adult sheep produced no changes in plasma concentrations or in the pharmacokinetic behavior of IVM, when it is administered intravenously at therapeutic doses.

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Section: Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Ivermectin After An Intravenoucontrasting

confidence: 74%

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep following pretreatment with Escherichia coli endotoxin

Riquelme

Cazanga

Jeldres

et al. 2018

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Moreover, the effects of LPS on pharmacokinetics of drugs are complex and depend on sensitivity of the species to LPS and the dose of endotoxin (Haghoo et al., 1995; Sarwari and Mackowiak, 1996; Marrier et al., 2001; Post et al., 2003). It is apparent that the dosage regimen of drugs determined in the diseased animals would be more relevant for use in clinical practice (Kumar and Malik, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the drug approval process for domestic animals, while efficacy studies are conducted in diseased animals, pharmacokinetic studies are conducted in healthy animals and dosage regimens are applied assuming no changes in the dose–effect relationship in sick patients (Post et al., 2002; Waxman et al., 2003). However, the pharmacokinetic behaviours of drugs are profoundly altered by the acute phase response induced by infectious diseases (Van Miert, 1990, 2000; Sarwari and Mackowiak, 1996; Saitoh et al., 1999, 2000; Monshouwer and Witkamp, 2000; Rao et al., 2000; Kumar and Malik, 2003; Waxman et al., 2003; Elmas et al., 2006). While few articles are available on the pharmacokinetics of ENR in endotoxaemic goats (Rao et al., 2000), mastitic cows (Rantala et al., 2002), infected and endotoxaemic swine (Zeng and Fung, 1997; Post et al., 2002, 2003), no published data are available on the pharmacokinetics of ENR in diseased rabbits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence ofEscherichia coliEndotoxin‐Induced Endotoxaemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin after Intravenous Administration in Rabbits

Elmas¹,

Yazar²,

Üney³

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The main goal of present study was to determine the effects of an Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemic status on disposition of enrofloxacin after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in rabbits. Septic shock was induced by the i.v. bolus administration at a single dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by HPLC. The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-compartment open model. Total plasma clearance (Cl(T)) decreased from 2.11 (l/h/kg) in healthy animals to 1.50 (l/h/kg) in rabbits with septic shock, which is related to an increase in the AUC(0-->infinity). In endotoxaemic rabbits, volume of distribution at steady state (V(dss) = 3.61 l/kg) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in healthy animals (V(dss) = 4.97 l/kg). However, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was not affected by lipopolysaccharide administration.

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“…This has been demonstrated for ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol in calves (Groothuis et al ., ) and goats (Kume & Garg, ), gentamicin in sheep (Wilson et al ., ) and oxytetracycline in pigs (Pijpers et al ., ). The results from these studies suggest that the effects of fever on the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs are not identical, and the physico‐chemical properties of drug molecules and the species of animal on which these studies are carried out is also a factor (Kumar & Malik, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous administration in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide‐induced endotoxaemic sheep

Pérez

Palma

Drápela

et al. 2014

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Experiments in different animal species have shown that febrile conditions, induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. The objective was to study the effects of a LPS-induced acute-phase response (APR) model on plasma pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FFC) after its intravenous administration in sheep. Six adult clinically healthy Suffolk Down sheep, 8 months old and 35.5 ± 2.2 kg in body weight (bw), were distributed through a crossover factorial 2 × 2 design, with 4 weeks of washout. Pairs of sheep similar in body weight were assigned to experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS) was treated with three intravenous doses of 1 μg/kg bw of E. coli LPS before FFC treatment. Group 2 (control) was treated with an equivalent volume of saline solution (SS) at similar intervals as LPS. At 24 h after the first injection of LPS or SS, an intravenous bolus of 20 mg/kg bw of FFC was administered. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected before drug administration and at different times between 0.05 and 48.0 h after treatment. FFC plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic model was used for data analysis, and data were compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. The mean values of AUC0-∞ in the endotoxaemic sheep (105.9 ± 14.3 μg·h/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than values observed in healthy sheep (78.4 ± 5.2 μg·h/mL). The total mean plasma clearance (CLT ) decreased from 257.7 ± 16.9 mL·h/kg in the control group to 198.2 ± 24.1 mL·h/kg in LPS-treated sheep. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the terminal half-life was observed in the endotoxaemic sheep (16.9 ± 3.8 h) compared to the values observed in healthy sheep (10.4 ± 3.2 h). In conclusion, the APR induced by the intravenous administration of E. coli LPS in sheep produces higher plasma concentrations of FFC due to a decrease in the total body clearance of the drug.

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Influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline in calves

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep following pretreatment with Escherichia coli endotoxin

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep following pretreatment with Escherichia coli endotoxin

Influence ofEscherichia coliEndotoxin‐Induced Endotoxaemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin after Intravenous Administration in Rabbits

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous administration in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide‐induced endotoxaemic sheep

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