Salmonella spp. in patients suffering from enteric fever and food poisoning in Thamar city, Yemen

Abstract

Salmonella remains a public health concern around the world, including Yemen although data on its incidence are few. This study determined the incidence of Salmonella infection in 250 enteric fever and 210 food poisoning cases attending Thamar general hospital and Dar Alshafaa medical clinic in 2008. In total, 773 clinical specimens were taken: 250 blood, 187 urine and 336 stool samples. Of the patients with enteric fever and food poisoning, 16.4% and 15.2% respectively were infected with Salmonella. The serovars isolated were: Salmonella Typhi (45.6%), Salmonella Enteritidis (24.4%), Salmonella Paratyphi B (14.4%), Salmonella Typhimurium (13.3%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A (2.2%). The distribution of somatic groups was: D (70%), B (27.7%) and A (2.2%). None of the isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftriaxone or moxifloxacin, while 71.1% were resistant to co-trimoxazole, 62.2% to gentamicin, 56.6% to ampicillin and 35.5% to nalidixic acid. RÉSUMÉ Les salmonelles restent une préoccupation de santé publique dans le monde, y compris au Yémen, même si les données sur leur incidence sont rares. La présente étude a déterminé l'incidence de l'infection à Salmonella chez 250 . La répartition des groupes somatiques était la suivante : D (70 %), B (27,7 %) et A (2,2 %). Aucun de ces isolats n'était résistant à la ciprofloxacine, à la sparfloxacine, à la ceftriaxone ou à la moxifloxacine, alors que 71,1 % étaient résistants au co-trimoxazole, 62,2 % à la gentamicine, 56,6 % à l'ampicilline et 35,5 % à l'acide nalidixique.‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫عرش‬ ‫التاسع‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫األول‬ ‫العدد‬ 89

Prevalence of enteric non‐typhoidal Salmonella in humans in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The second highest pooled Salmonella prevalence was in GIT symptomatic patients (7.1%, 95% CI: 5.4%–9.1%). Two of the 61 study measures were among GIT symptomatic patients with suspected foodborne illness in Saudi Arabia in 2010 (64.5%, 95% CI: 52.1%–75.3%) (Aljoudi et al, ) and in Yemen in 2013 (15.2%, 95% CI: 11.0%–20.7%) (Taha et al, ). The pooled Salmonella prevalence was 2.2‐time higher in GIT symptomatic patients tested before year 2000 than patients tested after year 2000 (13.0% vs. 6.0%).…”

“…These research reports were conducted in 15 countries (Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen) out of the 23 countries of MENA region. Of the 46 reports, 26.1% were in Saudi Arabia (Akhter, Burdette, Burdette, Qadri, & Myint, ; al‐Ahmadi, el Bushra, & al‐Zahrani, ; Albreiki, Al‐Ali, Al‐Ali, & Rayan, ; al‐Freihi et al, ; Al‐Ghamdi, ; Aljoudi, Al‐Mazam, Al‐Mazam, & Choudhry, ; Asghar, Zafar, Zafar, & Momenah, ; Elhadi, Aljindan, Aljindan, & Aljeldah, ; el‐Sheikh & el‐Assouli, ; Johargy, Ghazi, Ghazi, & Mumenah, ; Ramadan, Unni, Unni, Hablas, & Rizk, ; Zaman, ), 13.0% in Tunisia (Abbassi‐Ghozzi et al, ; Al‐Gallas, Bahri, Bahri, Bouratbeen, Ben Haasen, & Ben Aissa, ; Ben Aissa, Al‐Gallas, Al‐Gallas, Troudi, Belhadj, & Belhadj, ; Ben Salem‐Ben Nejma et al, ; Bouallegue‐Godet et al, ; Hammami et al, ), 10.9% in Jordan (Abdel‐Dayem, Al Zou'bi, Al Zou'bi, Hani, & Amr, ; Gargouri et al, ; Nimri & Meqdam, ; Shehabi, Abu‐Ragheb, Abu‐Ragheb, & Allaham, ; Youssef et al, ), 6.5% in Morocco (Aiat Melloul & Hassani, ; Ammari et al, ; Benmessaoud et al, ), 6.5% in Qatar (Al‐Thani, Baris, Baris, Al‐Lawati, & Al‐Dhahry, ; Ghunaim et al, ; Weam et al, ), 6.5% in Palestine (Abu Elamreen, Abed, Abed, & Sharif, ; Abu Elamreen, Sharif, Sharif, & Deeb, ; Laham, Elyazji, Elyazji, Al‐Haddad, & Ridwan, ) and 4.3% in each of Iraq (Al‐Kubaisy et al, ; Alrifai, Alsaadi, Alsaadi, Mahmood, Ali, & Al‐Kaisi, ), Libya (Ali, Ghenghesh, Ghenghesh, Aissa, Abuhelfaia, & Dufani, ; Rahouma et al, ), Oman (Al‐Bahry, Elshafie, Elshafie, Al‐Busaidy, Al‐Hinai, & Al‐Shidi, ; Patel, Mercy, Mercy, Shenoy, & Ashwini, ), Sudan (El Hussein et al, ; Elhag, Saeed, Saeed, Omer, & Path, ) and Yemen (Banajeh, Ba‐Oum, Ba‐Oum, & Al‐Sanabani, ; Taha, Alghalibi, Alghalibi, & Saeedsaleh, ). Only one research report was found in each of Bahrain (Ismaeel, Jamsheer, Jamsheer, Yousif, Al‐Otaibi, & Botta, ), Kuwait (Jamal, Pauline, Pauli...…”

Prevalence of Bacteria in Primary Schools

“…Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Clostridium perfringens are common pathogens that may exist on the skin as transient flora and can cause infectious diarrhea [36][37][38] .…”

Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human–Food Interface

“…Several published studies (Table 2) indicate that the most widely reported serovars associated with acute diarrhoeal disease across the EMR are the Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis [73,76,80]. Similar to the situation in EMR, S. Typhimurium followed by S .…”

“…Published studies reporting the rates of NTS in the EMR countries are summarised in Table 2. Studies from Iraq (Mosul) [68], Iran (Tehran) [72], Saudi Arabia [27], Kuwait [31], Morocco (Marrakesh) [43] and Yemen [73] reveal a noteworthy high incidence rate (15% to 34%) of NTS (Table 2).…”