Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human–Food Interface

Harb, Ali; O’Dea, Mark; Abraham, Sam; Habib, Ihab

doi:10.3390/pathogens8020060

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the direct contact with these animals may hasten virus interspecies transmission [55,56]. Furthermore, human and animal excreta are still being used as a fertilizer for vegetables and of course the most dangerous of these are those eaten fresh without cooking as a source of rotavirus infection [49,57]. Eventually, even pet animals were proved to be able to transmit rotavirus to human [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

World J. Biol. Pharm. Res.

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Aim: To explore the prevalence of rotavirus infection along with the molecular detection and genotyping of group A rotavirus (RVA) among bovine calves up to 5 months old in Diyala province-Iraq.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Diyala province-Iraq during the period of 2019-2020. One hundred bovine calves with age range of 1-5 months were included in the study. All were suffering acute gastroenteritis. Serum anti-rotavirus IgM and IgG plus fecal rotavirus Ag were tested for using ELISA techniques. Stool samples positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for G and P genes, followed by sequencing and genotyping thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 and P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results:The positivity rate of anti-rotavirus IgM was 80% (P = 0.0001), and that of anti-rotavirus IgG was 79% (P = 0.0001). The rotavirus stool antigen was detected in 68% of calves (P = 0.01). A total of 45 stool samples which were positive for rotavirus Ag were submitted for RT-PCR; 13 (28.9%) were positive and 32 (71.1%) were negative (P = 0.084). 10 PCR positive samples were used for sequencing and genotyping and indicated that all investigated strains belonged to G1P[8] genotype. Conclusion:The current strains analyzed belonged to the G1P[8] RVA genotypes, affirming that employment of VP7 gene polymorphism accurately yielded uniform phylogenetic distances amongst investigated rotavirus strains and that there were no noticeable assortment events between human and animal rotavirus strains in Diyala province.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2021

World J. Biol. Pharm. Res.

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“…Paediatric diarrhoea has significant consequences on productivity and the financial impact on the livelihood of the affected families [44]. In the GCC countries, there has been a notable economic burden due to diarrhoea in children.…”

Section: Burden Of Cryptosporidium In the Gcc Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traveller's diarrhoea due to ingestion of bacteria, viruses, or protozoa has been reported to affect travellers to Saudi Arabia [43]. Diarrhoeal infections among MENA children pose a significant public health challenge [44] and has been indicated in many reports affecting children in the GCC countries [39,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis: The Perspective from the Gulf Countries

Ahmed

Karanis

2020

IJERPH

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The present review discusses the burden of cryptosporidiosis in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which is underreported and underestimated. It emphasizes that the Cryptosporidium parasite is infecting inhabitants and expatriates in the Gulf countries. Children under 5 years are a vulnerable group that is particularly affected by this parasitic disease and can act as carriers, who contribute to the epidemiology of the disease most probably via recreational swimming pools. Various risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in the GCC countries are present, including expatriates, predisposing populations to the infection. Water contamination, imported food, animal contact, and air transmission are also discussed in detail, to address their significant role as a source of infection and, thus, their impact on disease epidemiology in the Gulf countries’ populations.

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“…In the Middle East, the true incidence of foodborne infections is difficult to determine since there are limited systematic surveillance efforts to detect sporadic cases and outbreaks and to provide isolates that could be used for source-attribution and risk assessment at national and regional levels. In addition to the lack of reliable data on the occurrences of pathogens and infections, the situation of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria causing foodborne infections is not fully understood across the Middle East region, despite some reports indicating varying trends at the human-food interface [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review

Habib

Mohamed

Khan

2021

Foods

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Foodborne infections caused by bacterial pathogens are a common cause of human illness in the Middle East, with a substantial burden of economic loss and public health consequences. This review aims at elucidating recent literature on the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogens in the food chain in the Arab countries, and to consolidate available evidence on the public health burden and the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the concerned three pathogens. The reviewed evidence points to a scarcity of understanding of the magnitude of NTS in the food chain in the Arab countries. Additionally, not much work has been done at the molecular characterization level to address the source-attribution of NTS in the Arab World. Very few surveys have been done on Campylobacter in the food chain in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. There is a gap in quantitative (counts/numbers) surveillance efforts for Campylobacter in the chicken meat supply across all Arab countries, despite the availability of some qualitative (presence/absence) surveillance data. While there are several reports on L. monocytogenes in animal-sourced foods, notably in North African Arab countries, fewer are published on L. monocytogenes in plant-sourced foods. Information on the L. monocytogenes serotypes and strain diversity circulating in the Arab region is widely lacking. Antibiotic resistance in the three pathogens is not fully understood across the Arab region, despite some reports indicating varying trends at the human–food interface. The literature evidence presented in this review stresses that Salmonella, Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes continue to challenge food safety and public health in the Arab countries.

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Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human–Food Interface

Cited by 14 publications

References 115 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis: The Perspective from the Gulf Countries

Current State of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review

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