Salmonella SPI-1-mediated neutrophil recruitment during enteric colitis is associated with reduction and alteration in intestinal microbiota

Sekirov, Inna; Gill, Navkiran; Jogova, Maria; Tam, Nicholas; Robertson, MM; R, de Llanos; Y, Li; Bb, Finlay

doi:10.4161/gmic.1.1.10950

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…At the 24-h post- Salmonella challenge, the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly increased, and that of Firmicutes decreased in the SC group, whereas those in the BT group had recovered to levels similar to the NC group. In previous reports, Proteobacteria was highly abundant in Salmonella -infected animals [15, 16]. Similarly, dietary supplementation with probiotics altered the microbial composition of broiler chickens, resulting in higher abundance of Firmicutes and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum

Pajarillo

Chae

et al. 2017

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

126

113

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BackgroundThe chicken gastrointestinal tract contains a diverse microbiota whose composition and structure play important roles in gut functionality. In this study, microbial shifts resulting from feed supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CSL2 were evaluated in broilers challenged and unchallenged with Salmonella Gallinarum. To analyse bacterial community composition and functionality, 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was performed.ResultsThe Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline was used to analyse changes in the faecal microbiota over a 24-h period. A total of 718,204 sequences from broiler chickens were recorded and analysed. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial taxa. In Salmonella-infected chickens (SC), Bacteroidetes were more highly abundant compared to control (NC) and Bacillus-treated (BT) chickens. At the genus level, in the NC and BT groups, Lactobacillus was present at high abundance, and the abundance of Turicibacter, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides increased in SC broilers. Furthermore, taxon-independent analysis showed that the SC and BT groups were compositionally distinct at the end of the 24-h period. Further analysis of functional properties showed that B. subtilis CSL2 administration increased gut-associated energy supply mechanisms (i.e. carbohydrate transport and metabolism) to maintain a stable microbiota and protect gut integrity.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that S. Gallinarum infection and B. subtilis CSL2 supplementation in the diet of broiler chickens influenced the diversity, composition, and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota. Moreover, the findings offer significant insights to understand potential mechanisms of Salmonella infection and the mode of action of probiotics in broiler chickens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-016-0130-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum

Pajarillo

Chae

et al. 2017

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

126

113

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“…T3SS1 is encoded within SPI1 (Salmonella pathogenicity island 1) and is involved primarily in the intestinal phase of disease. T3SS1 effectors are directly injected into intestinal epithelial cells (245)(246)(247), which causes uptake of bacterial cells via macropinocytosis and an inflammatory response (247)(248)(249)(250)(251)(252)(253)(254)(255)(256)(257)(258)(259)(260)(261)(262)(263). T3SS2 (encoded within SPI2) is induced after Salmonella has invaded or is phagocytized by eukaryotic cells and is required for survival in macrophages and systemic disease (264)(265)(266)(267)(268).…”

Section: Salmonella Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence by Csr (Rsm) Systems

Vakulskas

Potts

Babitzke

et al. 2015

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

295

400

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SUMMARY Most bacterial pathogens have the remarkable ability to flourish in the external environment and in specialized host niches. This ability requires their metabolism, physiology, and virulence factors to be responsive to changes in their surroundings. It is no surprise that the underlying genetic circuitry that supports this adaptability is multilayered and exceedingly complex. Studies over the past 2 decades have established that the CsrA/RsmA proteins, global regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression, play important roles in the expression of virulence factors of numerous proteobacterial pathogens. To accomplish these tasks, CsrA binds to the 5′ untranslated and/or early coding regions of mRNAs and alters translation, mRNA turnover, and/or transcript elongation. CsrA activity is regulated by noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) that contain multiple CsrA binding sites, which permit them to sequester multiple CsrA homodimers away from mRNA targets. Environmental cues sensed by two-component signal transduction systems and other regulatory factors govern the expression of the CsrA-binding sRNAs and, ultimately, the effects of CsrA on secretion systems, surface molecules and biofilm formation, quorum sensing, motility, pigmentation, siderophore production, and phagocytic avoidance. This review presents the workings of the Csr system, the paradigm shift that it generated for understanding posttranscriptional regulation, and its roles in virulence networks of animal and plant pathogens.

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“…The pathogen triggers inflammation in the gut by using its virulence factors, two type III secretion systems (T3SS), termed T3SS-1 and T3SS-2, to invade the intestinal epithelium and survive in tissue phagocytes, respectively (3)(4)(5)(6). Inflammation supports growth of S. Typhimurium in the intestinal lumen (7)(8)(9), thereby promoting transmission of the pathogen to the next susceptible host (10). However, it remains unknown what nutrients promote growth of S. Typhimurium in the inflamed intestine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal inflammation allows Salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota

Thiennimitr

Winter²,

Winter³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

559

512

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Conventional wisdom holds that microbes support their growth in vertebrate hosts by exploiting a large variety of nutrients. We show here that use of a specific nutrient (ethanolamine) confers a marked growth advantage on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium) in the lumen of the inflamed intestine. In the anaerobic environment of the gut, ethanolamine supports little or no growth by fermentation. However, S. Typhimurium is able to use this carbon source by inducing the gut to produce a respiratory electron acceptor (tetrathionate), which supports anaerobic growth on ethanolamine. The gut normally converts ambient hydrogen sulfide to thiosulfate, which it then oxidizes further to tetrathionate during inflammation. Evidence is provided that S. Typhimurium's growth advantage in an inflamed gut is because of its ability to respire ethanolamine, which is released from host tissue, but is not utilizable by competing bacteria. By inducing intestinal inflammation, S. Typhimurium sidesteps nutritional competition and gains the ability to use an abundant simple substrate, ethanolamine, which is provided by the host.

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Salmonella SPI-1-mediated neutrophil recruitment during enteric colitis is associated with reduction and alteration in intestinal microbiota

Abstract: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum

Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence by Csr (Rsm) Systems

Intestinal inflammation allows Salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota

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