Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum

Oh, Ju Kyoung; Pajarillo, Edward Alain B.; Chae, Jong Pyo; Kim, In Ho; Yang, Dong; Kang, Dae‐Kyung

doi:10.1186/s40104-016-0130-8

Cited by 121 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After quality control, 228 samples were retained and we obtained 4,995,664 sequences with a total of 3,993 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The frequency of reads per sample varied from 3,527 to 210,082 with an average of 21,911 and a median of 18,130 per sample, which is comparable to previous studies [46,47].…”

Section: Sequencing Informationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Clavijo¹,

Morales²,

Flores³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe microbiota of broiler chicken gut affects positively or negatively the health, metabolism and immunity of chickens thus it has a significant impact on the animal productivity. Phages, host-specific parasites of bacterial cells, are a promising antimicrobial alternative that selectively target pathogens without disturbing the microbiota. The aim of the study is further characterizing the behaviour of phages and its effect on the commensal microbial community.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effect of SalmoFree® (a phage cocktail against Salmonella) on the microbiota of the cecum of broilers reared in a commercial farming system. Two field trials were carried out including 2 control and 2 experimental houses. Phages were incorporated in the broilers’ drinking water using three doses at the grower stage. The core microbiome, differentially abundant taxa between treatments as well as taxa associated with age were identified using Qiime2 and the R-Project for statistics.ResultsAnalyses of similarities among communities over time allowed us to identify two stages of microbiota development at the last stage of the production cycle. The core microbiome identified some key species in the adaptation of the microbiota at the last stage of the cycle. Among these there are important degraders of complex polysaccharides and producers of short chain fatty acids such as Eisenbergiella and Lachnoclostridium. Additionally, the phage cocktail did not affect the normal development of the microbiota structure while its application contributes to reduce the presence of pathogenic Enterobacteria including Salmonella. The addition of the phage cocktail led to a significant reduction in the abundance of Campylobacter and Helicobacter and increase in Butyricimonas and Rikenellaceae abundance which are common inhabitants of the chicken gut with known negative and positive effects in the health, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that phages can contribute to improve the chicken health and reduce pathogens burden at the end of the production cycle of broilers. Furthermore, it presents for the first time a detailed look of the microbiota composition and changes in broilers in a commercial scenario, information that will valuable towards the implementation of phage therapy technologies in the field.

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Section: Sequencing Informationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Clavijo¹,

Morales²,

Flores³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Nevertheless, stress conditions or GIT pathogen colonization can induce a reduction of microbial diversity in poultry [20,21]. The loss in diversity driven by a dysbiotic microbiota is found with a carriage of commensals such as lactobacilli reduced, while the level of Enterobacteriaceae increased [22,23]. Here, in this study, there was no pathogen challenge or evident environmental stress imposed on the broilers during the experimental period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparative effectiveness of probiotic-based formulations on cecal microbiota modulation in broilers

Rodrigues

Briggs

Duff

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractThe potential of probiotics to manipulate the intestinal microbial ecosystem toward commensal bacteria growth offers great hope for enhancing health and performance in poultry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of five probiotic-based formulations in modulating cecal microbiota in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. Probiotics investigated included a synbiotic (SYNBIO), a yeast-based probiotic (YEAST), and three single-strain formulations of spore-forming Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SINGLE1), B. subtilis (SINGLE2) and B. licheniformis (SINGLE3). Metagenomics analyses showed that the cecal microbiota of SINGLE, YEAST, and MULTI supplemented birds had low diversity compared to the control diet without probiotics (CON) at 21d. At the same age, birds fed SYNBIO had a high population of Lactobacillus salivarus and Lachnospiraceae, which was reflected in a singular microbial community illustrated by beta-diversity analyses. By 42d, there were no differences in alpha or beta-diversity in the microbiota of probiotic-treated broilers compared to CON. Birds treated with SINGLE2 had a lower abundance of lactic acid bacteria, while a higher (p<0.05) population of unidentified Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Although the investigated probiotic formulations shared similar taxonomy, modulation of microbiota was not a core outcome for all probiotic-treated broilers indicating the success of microbiota-based intervention may ultimately be dependent on probiotic mixture and broiler’s age.

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“…Changes in sperm fatty acids composition was shown to occur during epididymal maturation through the incorporation of lipids from the organ microenvironment (Parks & Hammerstedt 1985, Hall et al 1991, Aveldaño et al 1992, Haidl & Opper 1997, Pyttel et al 2014, Angrimani et al 2017. Our measures in C. perspicillata confirmed that a change in the PUFA composition occurred during the passage from the caput to the cauda epididymidis, with a partial replacement of the n-6 PUFAs by the n-3 PUFAs, without any significant change in the overall PUFA proportion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most species studied so far, mature sperm cells from the cauda epididymidis comprise a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and especially of n-3 PUFAs (also referred to as omega-3 fatty acids) in comparison to those from the caput (Parks & Hammerstedt 1985, Hall et al 1991, Aveldaño et al 1992, Haidl & Opper 1997, Pyttel et al 2014, Angrimani et al 2017. PUFAs possess molecular properties which increase membrane fluidity and influence transmembrane protein activities (Giroud et al 2013, Pinot et al 2014, Arnold et al 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of sperm fatty acid composition during epididymal maturation in bats

et al. 2019

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Biochemical properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fundamental to sperm movements. Amongst all adjustments operated during epididymal maturation, sperm membrane lipid composition is remodelled. Specifically, the proportion of PUFAs usually increases from the caput towards the cauda epididymidis. In mammals, PUFAs are predominantly acquired through the diet, which can consequently impact male fertility. We aimed at analysing to what extent n-6 and n-3 PUFAs are incorporated into sperm in the Seba's short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata), and at demonstrating the effect of the sperm fatty acid composition on sperm mobility. We therefore provided food varying in fatty acid composition to males of C. perspicillata and measured the fatty acid composition and mobility traits in spermatozoa collected from the caput and cauda epididymides. We found that n-6 and n-3 PUFAs and saturated fatty acids were significantly related to sperm velocity but not to the proportion of progressive sperm (i.e. motility). Concomitant to an increase in sperm velocity, the level of fatty acid saturation increased from the caput to the cauda epididymidis, while the proportion of PUFAs remained similar along the epididymis. A reduction in n-6 PUFAs counterbalanced an increase in n-3 PUFAs. The food treatments did not affect the sperm fatty acid composition. Our results suggest that a precise endogenous control rather than dietary effects determines sperm fatty acid composition in C. perspicillata.Reproduction (2019) 157 77-85

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Effects of Bacillus subtilis CSL2 on the composition and functional diversity of the faecal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum

Cited by 121 publications

References 29 publications

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Salmonella Phage cocktail, its effects and benefits on the gut of chickens in a commercial farm.

Comparative effectiveness of probiotic-based formulations on cecal microbiota modulation in broilers

Modification of sperm fatty acid composition during epididymal maturation in bats

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