Salivary Transmission of the Chikungunya Arbovirus

Rolph, Michael S.; Zaid, Ali; Mahalingam, Suresh

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2015.12.007

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Conventionally, CHIKV transmission is considered to be through flying arthropods of the A. aegypti o A. albopictus species. However, evidence suggested that viable infective virus is excreted in the saliva of monkeys, mice, and humans, and it could be a source of infection particularly in immunocompromised patients [32,33]. Vertical transmission has also been reported [34,35].…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya, a Global Threat Currently Circulating in Latin America

Rodríguez‐Morales¹,

Cardona-Ospina²,

Villamil-Gómez³

2016

Current Topics in Chikungunya

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Chikungunya fever CHIK is a highly important arbovirosis currently established in Latin "merica and the Caribbean L"C its acute and chronic burden is an overlooked issue for policy makers. Disease spread control and proper management of chronic-derived sequelae do not seem like a realistic goal in short-and mid-term. The CHIKV circulating in the Western Hemisphere is closely related to strains from Philippines, China, and Yap Federated States of Micronesia , and vertical and horizontal transmission of infection has been reported. Pathogenesis is still not well understood, and vaccines are under development yet. Here, we provide a summary of information regarding L"C spread of the disease from a public health, clinical and molecular perspective, particularly from the experience in Colombia.

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Section: Pathogenesis and Disease Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya, a Global Threat Currently Circulating in Latin America

Rodríguez‐Morales¹,

Cardona-Ospina²,

Villamil-Gómez³

2016

Current Topics in Chikungunya

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“…Several reports have shown that CHIKV RNA can be detected in body fluids other than serum, such as saliva [ 26 , 28 , 29 ], urine [ 24 , 28 , 29 , 34 ], sperm [ 24 , 29 ], vaginal secretions [ 29 ], placenta or amniotic fluid [ 35 ], breast milk [ 36 ], synovial liquid [ 37 ] and cerebrospinal fluid [ 38 , 39 ]. Infectious CHIKV has also been detected in the saliva of mice, monkeys and humans [ 27 ], raising concerns about the potential for non-vector-borne transmission [ 40 ]. However, that viable and replicating viruses can be identified in saliva does not mean that the amount present can mediate direct person-to-person viral transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?

Jacob-Nascimento,

Portilho,

Anjos

et al. 2024

Viruses

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To evaluate whether oral fluids (OF) and urine can serve as alternative, non-invasive samples to diagnose chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection via RT-qPCR, we employed the same RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocols on paired serum, OF and urine samples collected from 51 patients with chikungunya during the acute phase of the illness. Chikungunya patients were confirmed through RT-qPCR in acute-phase sera (N = 19), IgM seroconversion between acute- and convalescent-phase sera (N = 12), or IgM detection in acute-phase sera (N = 20). The controls included paired serum, OF and urine samples from patients with non-arbovirus acute febrile illness (N = 28) and RT-PCR-confirmed dengue (N = 16). Nine (47%) of the patients with positive RT-qPCR for CHIKV in sera and two (17%) of those with CHIKV infection confirmed solely via IgM seroconversion had OF positive for CHIKV in RT-qPCR. One (5%) patient with CHIKV infection confirmed via serum RT-qPCR was positive in the RT-qPCR performed on urine. None of the negative control group samples were positive. Although OF may serve as an alternative sample for diagnosing acute chikungunya in specific settings, a negative result cannot rule out an infection. Further research is needed to investigate whether OF and urine collected later in the disease course when serum becomes RT-qPCR-negative may be helpful in CHIKV diagnosis and surveillance, as well as to determine whether urine and OF pose any risk of CHIKV transmission.

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“…The La Reunion outbreak cost the French authorities millions in lost productivity, and over €43 million in direct medical costs (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CHIKV causes mosquito-borne disease of key public health importance in tropical and subtropical countries and the health and economic burden due to this virus is enormous. The La Reunion outbreak cost the French authorities millions in lost productivity, and over €43 million in direct medical costs (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the chikungunya virus in humans in Turkey

Atalay¹,

Kaygusuz²,

Azkur³

2017

Turk J Med Sci

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IntroductionThe chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus that is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. The CHIKV is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes (1). CHIKV infection led to more than 6 million confirmed cases worldwide (2). CHIKV has a wide geographic distribution including North and South America, Europe, Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Africa since the virus was first described in Tanzania in 1952 (3,4). A female patient who came from India to Turkey with symptoms of fever, arthralgia, and rashes was the first case of laboratory-confirmed CHIKV infection in Turkey (5). Clinical symptoms of CHIKV infection include high fever, fatigue, backache, headache, and polyarthralgia. Polyarthralgia is the most characteristic and common symptom of infection and also the origin of the name of the disease "chikungunya, " a local term in the Makonde language that means "disease that bends up the joints". In addition to these clinical manifestations, tenosynovitis, swollen joints, macular or maculopapular skin rashes, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can be observed in CHIKV-infected patients (3,6). Differential diagnosis of CHIKV infection from dengue virus infection could be based on clinical manifestations and laboratory features. Fever (over 39 °C), arthritis, arthralgia, rash, and lymphopenia are more significant in a CHIKV infection. While hemoconcentration does not occur in CHIKV infection, it is present in 70%-100% of dengue virus-infected patients (2). Diagnosis of CHIKV infection is based on molecular detection of a viral genome and/or serological detection of virus-specific antibodies. RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR (7-9) can be used for molecular detection while serological diagnostic tests include ELISA, immunofluorescence assay, and rapid immunochromatographic test (10-13). The aim of this study was to screen for possible exposure to CHIKV infections in humans using ELISA and IIFT in the city of Kırıkkale, which is located in the central Anatolia region of Turkey. Materials and methods SamplesBlood samples were taken from 500 healthy, randomly selected volunteer blood donors who live in Kırıkkale (39°50ʹN; 33°31ʹE; altitude 700 m) through July-November Background/aim: The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne disease and has recently been causing explosive outbreaks. The CHIKV has spread throughout all continents. Although the first chikungunya case imported from India to Turkey was reported in 2012, there is no detailed epidemiologic study in Turkey yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of the CHIKV in Turkey.Materials and methods: ELISA was used to screen 500 random serum samples of healthy people collected from Kırıkkale, which is located in central Anatolia in Turkey. The results were verified by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT). Results:The results showed that 0.4% samples were positive for CHIKV. In the verification study with IIFT, CHIKV IgG type antibodies were defi...

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Salivary Transmission of the Chikungunya Arbovirus

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Chikungunya, a Global Threat Currently Circulating in Latin America

Chikungunya, a Global Threat Currently Circulating in Latin America

Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?

A study of the chikungunya virus in humans in Turkey

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