Salivary Secretion Rate, Buffer Capacity, and pH

Birkhed, Dowen; Heintze, U

doi:10.1201/9781003210399-2

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The predominant buffering system in saliva is dependent on the type of saliva: stimulated (produced from eating and chewing) versus unstimulated (resting and spitting) [ 153 ]. The bicarbonate system is the most important system for stimulated saliva while the phosphate system is important for unstimulated saliva, which is approximately 2/3 of the total saliva in our mouths [ 154 ]. We recommend pursuing this line of questioning further, as pH is potentially a driving factor in virus inactivation.…”

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets

Longest,

Rockey,

Lakdawala

et al. 2024

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The inactivation of viruses in aerosol particles (aerosols) and droplets depends on many factors, but the precise mechanisms of inactivation are not known. The system involves complex physical and biochemical interactions. We reviewed the literature to establish current knowledge about these mechanisms and identify knowledge gaps. We identified 168 relevant papers and grouped results by the following factors: virus type and structure, aerosol or droplet size, temperature, relative humidity (RH) and evaporation, chemical composition of the aerosol or droplet, pH and atmospheric composition. These factors influence the dynamic microenvironment surrounding a virion and thus may affect its inactivation. Results indicate that viruses experience biphasic decay as the carrier aerosols or droplets undergo evaporation and equilibrate with the surrounding air, and their final physical state (liquid, semi-solid or solid) depends on RH. Virus stability, RH and temperature are interrelated, but the effects of RH are multifaceted and still not completely understood. Studies on the impact of pH and atmospheric composition on virus stability have raised new questions that require further exploration. The frequent practice of studying virus inactivation in large droplets and culture media may limit our understanding of inactivation mechanisms that are relevant for transmission, so we encourage the use of particles of physiologically relevant size and composition in future research.

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Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets

Longest,

Rockey,

Lakdawala

et al. 2024

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Saliva was collected by a standardized method as described elsewhere 20,21 . We measured unstimulated salivary flow rates (uSFRs) in patients at rest in a quiet room.…”

Section: Salivary Flow Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome and various symptoms or psychological conditions

Shin

Bang

Kim

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is frequently accompanied by dysgeusia and xerostomia. Clonazepam has been widely prescribed and is effective, but it is unclear whether clonazepam also affects the symptoms that accompany BMS, or whether such symptoms affect treatment outcomes. Here, we investigated the therapeutic outcomes in BMS patients with various symptoms or comorbidities. We retrospectively reviewed 41 patients diagnosed with BMS between June 2010 and June 2021 at a single institution. Patients were instructed to take clonazepam for 6 weeks. Before the first dose, burning pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS); the unstimulated salivary flow rate (USFR), psychologic characteristics, site(s) of pain, and any taste disturbance were evaluated. Burning pain intensity was measured again after 6 weeks. Thirty-one of the 41 patents (75.7%) exhibited a depressed mood, whereas more than 67.8% of the patients exhibited anxiety. Subjective xerostomia was reported by ten patients (24.3%). The mean salivary flow rate was 0.69 mL/min and hyposalivation (an unstimulated salivary flow rate ≤ 0.5 mL/min) was apparent in ten patients (24.3%). Dysgeusia was present in 20 patients (48.7%); a bitter taste (n = 15, 75%) was reported by the largest proportion of patients. Patients who reported a bitter taste responded best in terms of burning pain reduction after 6 weeks (n = 4, 26.6%). Overall, 32 patients (78%) reported decreased oral burning pain after clonazepam (mean VAS score changed from 6.56 to 5.34) use. Patients who reported taste disturbances exhibited a significantly greater decrease in burning pain, compared with other patients (mean VAS score changed from 6.41 to 4.58) (p = 0.02). Clonazepam significantly improved burning pain in BMS patients who had taste disturbances.

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Analysis of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions in patients with dry mouth

Lee

Chung

et al. 2002

Archives of Oral Biology

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Salivary Secretion Rate, Buffer Capacity, and pH

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets

Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets

Therapeutic effects of clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome and various symptoms or psychological conditions

Analysis of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions in patients with dry mouth

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