Salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study

Bachtiar, Endang Winiati; Putri, Atikah Cyntia; Bachtiar, B. M.

doi:10.12688/f1000research.20099.1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…This approach is known as the oral hygiene index. Six tooth surfaces, including the buccal surfaces of teeth 11, 16, 26, and 31, and the lingual surfaces of teeth 36 and 46, are used to determine the OHI-S 7 . This study aims to investigate the impact of dental crowding on oral hygiene in adult populations using OHI-S as a reference indicator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dental Crowding on Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified(OHI-S) score in Adult Population of Lahore: An Analytical Study

Gul¹,

Shirazi²,

Fiaz³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Aim: To investigate the impact of dental crowding on oral hygiene in adult populations using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) as a reference indicator. Methods: The study is designed as an analytical cross-sectional study with a comparison group and was done in multiple dental settings in Lahore, including orthodontic department of a dental college. The sample includes 456 adult patients with or without dental crowding. The oral hygiene of the participants was assessed using the OHI-S, which measures plaque and calculus on six tooth surfaces. The study statistically determined if there is a difference in oral cleanliness between patients with crowding and the control group, and if there is a difference in oral cleanliness between genders among patients with crowding. Results: 55% of the patients were females and 45% of the patients were males. The patients without crowding, there was 11% higher risk observed of getting Moderate OHI-S score as compared to Good OHI-S. Similarly, 13% higher risk was observed to have Poor OHI-S among patients without dental crowding. This risk was markedly increased among patients with dental crowding. Patients with dental crowding were at 57% (P-value <0.05) higher risk of getting Moderate OHI-S score and 89% (P-value <0.05) higher risk of getting Poor OHI-S. Conclusion: Dental crowding is significantly connected to the accumulation of calculus and debris in the crowded areas of dental arches in young people. Crowding has been shown to make it more difficult to maintain appropriate oral hygiene routines. This raises the probability of young adults developing periodontal disease. Keywords: Dental Crowding, Malocclusion, Oral Hygiene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dental Crowding on Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified(OHI-S) score in Adult Population of Lahore: An Analytical Study

Gul¹,

Shirazi²,

Fiaz³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Influence of controlled environmental conditions in potential salivary ocular pain biomarkers for enhancing the assessment of ocular pain

Sobas,

Amanda,

Fernández

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Purpose We endeavored to identify objective salivary biomarkers for pain, a subjective sensation with a biological basis, using molecules already described related to pain. The study aimed to analyze inter-individual differences and intersession variability in salivary potential ocular pain biomarkers on healthy subjects, in samples obtained under the influence of controlled environmental conditions. Methods Thirty-four healthy subjects, 20 male, 14 female, median age 35.44 years (range 30–40) were exposed for 30 minutes under standard environmental conditions (T: 22°C, 50% relative humidity) in the Controlled Environmental Research Laboratory (CE-Lab, Vision R&D, Valladolid Spain) in two separate visits (V1, V2) at least 24 hours apart. Saliva was collected after the exposure in each of the visits, and cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), secretory IgA (sIgA), testosterone, and soluble fraction of TNFα receptor II (sTNFαRII) were analyzed by ELISA. Repeatability of inter-subject inter-session measurements was assayed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results There were no significant inter-session differences in testosterone (p = 0.2497), sTNFαRII (p = 0.6451) and sIgA (p = 0.9689) salivary levels. The reproducibility for salivary cortisol, sAA, testosterone, sTNFαRII and sIgA were 0.98 ng/ml, 20.58 U/ml, 21.07 μg/ml, 24.68 pg/ml and 0.19 pg/ml, respectively. Salivary cortisol, sAA, testosterone, sTNFαRII and sIgA yielded the following ICCs: 0.506, 0.569, 0.824, 0.870 and 0.4295, respectively; all these ICCs (except that for cortisol and sIgA) were found to be improved compared to those found previously by our group in a previous study in salivary samples obtained from healthy subjects under non-controlled environmental conditions; Cortisol´s ICC didn´t improve and was in both cases at the limit of acceptability. Conclusion Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity affect the reproducibility of measurement of some salivary molecules which have been proposed as potential pain biomarkers. The exposure of subjects to standard controlled environmental conditions before salivary sample obtention would improve the reproducibility of these molecule measures’ as potential biomarkers of chronic ocular pain.

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Salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of Dental Crowding on Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified(OHI-S) score in Adult Population of Lahore: An Analytical Study

Effects of Dental Crowding on Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified(OHI-S) score in Adult Population of Lahore: An Analytical Study

Influence of controlled environmental conditions in potential salivary ocular pain biomarkers for enhancing the assessment of ocular pain

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