“…In addition, the levels of TNF-α [21], IL-6 [21,22,31,32], IL-8 [31] and IL-1β [21] are increased in the serum of patients with potentially malignant disorders. In OSCC, the saliva interleukins TNF-α [19,24,30], IL-6 [19-21, 23, 24, 29, 30], IL-8 [20,24,26,28,30], IL-1β [21], IL-1α [24,30] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [24] are elevated. Changes in TNF-α [25], IL-6 [22,25,26], IL-1β [21] and VEGF [27] levels in OSCC have also been described.…”