Salivary Diagnostics—Point-of-Care diagnostics of MMP-8 in dentistry and medicine

Abstract

Human saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid and contains a variety of disease-related biomarkers, which makes it a potential diagnostic medium. The clinical use of salivary/oral fluid biomarkers to identify oral and systemic conditions requires the development of non-invasive screening and diagnostic technologies, and is among the main goals of oral fluid researchers. The analysis of the disease-specific oral and systemic biomarkers in saliva and oral fluids (i.e., mouth-rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) is demanding. Several factors influence their expression and release; these factors include the intracellular location, the molecular size and the flow characteristics of the biological fluid. The type of saliva/oral fluid utilized for the diagnostics affects the analysis. High sensitivity together with sophisticated methods and techniques are essential to get a useful outcome. We describe here a recently developed mouth-rinse that is practical, convenient and inexpensive, as well as PISF chair-side/point of care (PoC) lateral-flow active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP-8) immunoassays to detect, predict and monitor the course and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

The potential of salivary biomarkers for predicting the sensitivity and monitoring the response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy: A preliminary assessment

“…MMP‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid has also shown potential for site‐specific diagnosis and predicting the treatment response of periodontitis . Active MMP‐8 (aMMP‐8)‐based diagnostic kits have also revealed high sensitivity (76%‐83%) and specificity (96%) in recognizing periodontitis in adults and detected genetically predisposed adolescents with initial periodontitis . An aMMP‐8‐based point‐of‐care device has also been computerized to be quantitative in diagnosing periodontitis and peri‐implantitis .…”

“…For instance, salivary interleukin (IL)‐1beta (IL‐1β), MMP‐8, osteoprotegerin, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, and prostaglandin E2 have been reported to reflect the response to periodontal therapy and are suggested to be useful for monitoring periodontal disease status, and the combination of MMP‐8 with IL‐1β and Porphyromonas gingivali s can be a successful tool for diagnosing periodontitis . Based on the results of these studies, MMP‐8‐based point‐of‐care diagnostic kits were developed to screen and monitor periodontal and peri‐implant health . In addition, the reduction in activity of alanine aminotransferase, P. gingivalis , soluble toll‐like receptor‐2, lactoferrin, and arginine have been reported to be associated with clinical improvement following nonsurgical periodontal therapy .…”

Azurocidin in gingival crevicular fluid as a potential biomarker of chronic periodontitis

“…Investigations on biomarkers for periodontal disease have not resulted so far in providing a reliable, chair‐side assay with the exception of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) in saliva and the attitude of clinicians toward existing tests is currently unknown.…”

Analysis of salivary phenotypes of generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis through nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomics

“…Furthermore, its collection is noninvasive, rapid, and inexpensive . Salivary diagnostics has already proved efficient in identifying alterations in oral and systemic health status . Even so, various challenges persist regarding the use of saliva as a medium for an accurate and cost‐effective detection of periodontitis, mainly because of the lack of specific markers of disease …”