Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases

Jaedicke, Katrin M.; Preshaw, Philip M.; Taylor, John J.

doi:10.1111/prd.12117

Cited by 135 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The higher levels of salivary CRP are not surprising given that two thirds of the sample (68.7%) had visible inflammation in the mouth, which has been shown to increase salivary levels of CRP and other inflammatory biomarkers (Al Moharib et al, 2014). On the other hand, in a systematic review, researchers pointed out that there have been conflicting results with regard to a link between salivary IL-6 and periodontal disease: Some have found higher rates of IL-6 with periodontal disease and others have not (Jaedicke, Preshaw, & Taylor, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers, Oral Inflammation, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure

Dekker

Lennie

Moser

et al. 2016

Biological Research For Nursing

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Aims: To describe correlations and agreement between salivary and serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 and determine which biomarkers predict worse functional class in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods: Serum and saliva were collected from 75 hospitalized patients with HF (57 + 12 years, 43% female, New York Heart Association [NYHA] Classes I [4%], II [43%], and III [53%]). Oral inflammation was rated as good, fair, or poor. Spearman's r and Bland-Altman were used to determine correlations and agreement of the salivary and serum forms of each biomarker. Logistic regressions were used to determine which biomarkers predicted worse NYHA functional class, controlling for depression, body mass index, smoking, and oral inflammation. Results: Median biomarker concentrations were as follows: BNP (serum 361 pg/ml, saliva 9 pg/ml), CRP (serum 13 ng/ml, saliva 25.6 ng/ml), IL-6 (serum 19.3 pg/ml, saliva 10.5 pg/ml), and IL-10 (serum 64.1 pg/ml, saliva 4.7 pg/ml). There was a moderate-to-strong correlation for serum-salivary CRP, weak correlation for serum-salivary IL-6, and no correlations for serum-salivary BNP and IL-10. The Bland-Altman test showed good salivaryserum agreement for all biomarkers, but as serum concentrations rose, salivary measures underestimated serum levels. Visible oral inflammation was the only predictor of worse NYHA class.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers, Oral Inflammation, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure

Dekker

Lennie

Moser

et al. 2016

Biological Research For Nursing

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“…GCF collection is a minimally invasive procedure rather than gingival biopsies. It reflects the activity of individual crevicular sites rather than whole‐mouth inflammatory status as with saliva analysis 36 . A study by Guentsch et al 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐mouth disinfection effects on gingival fluid calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N‐telopeptide of Type I collagen in severe periodontitis

Afacan

Çınarcık

Gürkan

et al. 2020

Journal of Periodontology

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Background:To compare the effects of full-mouth disinfection (FMD) and fullmouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) on clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters with conventional quadrant-wise scaling and root planning (Q-SRP) in severe chronic periodontitis. Methods:In the present prospective randomized controlled clinical trial with three parallel arms (#NCT04038801), 60 chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to three study groups by a consecutive number in ascending order: FMD (n = 20), FMUD (n = 20), and Q-SRP (n = 20). All measurements and treatments were performed by the same investigator. At baseline, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque were collected and clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Ultrasonic debridement was completed within 24 hours in FMD and FMUD groups.Chlorhexidine gluconate was used for FMD. Q-SRP was performed by hand instruments per quadrant at 1-week-intervals. Clinical measurements and sampling were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Real-time PCR was used for quantitative analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and total bacteria count. GCF Calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) levels were analyzed by ELISA. The changes of GCF biomarker levels after treatment between groups were the primary outcomes. Results:No harm was observed. All treatment strategies resulted in significant improvements in all clinical parameters (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between study groups at all time-points (P ˃ 0.05). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was significantly decreased in FMD compared to FMUD and Q-SRP at 6 months (P < 0.05). Although GCF NTx total amounts increased in all groups during 638© 2020 American Academy of Periodontology J Periodontol. 2020;91:638-650. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jper AFACAN ET AL. 639the study period, this increase was less prominent in full-mouth groups at three time points after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions:Present results represent the short-term effects. Full-mouth treatment approaches offered limited beneficial effects on microbiological and biochemical parameters over quadrant-wise approach. All three treatment strategies can be recommended in the management of severe chronic periodontitis.

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“…In the course of periodontitis, bacterial-induced osteoblast apoptosis may be a major contributor to bone loss. A number of studies have revealed that LPS is present in plaque, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, inflammatory cavities and diseased cementum, with high toxicity to periodontal tissues (38)(39)(40). In addition, a previous study suggested that during alveolar bone resorption and periodontitis, bacteria do not directly invade gingival tissue; instead, the destruction of gingival tissue may be mediated by LPS cytotoxicity in the gingival crevice (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcitonin gene‑related peptide reduces Porphyromonasï¿½gingivalis LPS‑induced TNF‑α release and apoptosis in osteoblasts

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2017

Mol Med Report

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Periodontal diseases comprise mixed bacterial infections mainly caused by Gram‑negative anaerobic bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important virulence factors and periodontal pathogens, which change local cytokine levels and promote osteoblast apoptosis, thereby leading to an imbalance in bone remodeling mechanisms and accelerating bone loss. Calcitonin gene‑related peptide (CGRP) is a vasoactive neuropeptide that is released from sensory nerves and has a positive effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. In addition, this small molecule peptide is an important immune regulator in the inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effects of CGRP on Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)LPS‑induced osteoblast apoptosis. Osteoblast cultures were stimulated either with various concentrations of PgLPS (0, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 ng/ml) for 48 h or with 500 ng/ml PgLPS for various lengths of time (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The PgLPS‑stimulated cells were pretreated with different concentrations of CGRP (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 nM) and cell viability and apoptotic rates were measured by Cell Counting kit‑8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. CGRP, cleaved (c)‑Caspase‑8 and c‑Caspase‑3 protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting. Changes in cytokine expression levels, which included tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‑1 and MCP‑2, were measured by ELISA. PgLPS was demonstrated to inhibit osteoblast viability and promote apoptosis in a time‑ and concentration‑dependent manner. CGRP expression was revealed to reduce PgLPS‑induced cytostatic activity and apoptosis in osteoblasts. CGRP also suppressed the PgLPS‑induced release of TNF‑α and inhibited the activation of c‑Caspase‑3 and c‑Caspase‑8, thus preventing apoptosis in osteoblasts. CGRP may be an important neuropeptide in bone remodeling and may reduce osteoblast apoptosis in inflammatory conditions. These results may provide a solid foundation for CGRP to serve as a new target for the treatment of periodontitis.

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Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of periodontal diseases

Cited by 135 publications

References 114 publications

Salivary Biomarkers, Oral Inflammation, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure

Salivary Biomarkers, Oral Inflammation, and Functional Status in Patients With Heart Failure

Full‐mouth disinfection effects on gingival fluid calprotectin, osteocalcin, and N‐telopeptide of Type I collagen in severe periodontitis

Calcitonin gene‑related peptide reduces Porphyromonasï¿½gingivalis LPS‑induced TNF‑α release and apoptosis in osteoblasts

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