Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Cancer

Panta, Prashanth; Wong, David T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61255-3_14

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Among the variously reported mRNAs, IL‐8, and satellite RNAs were identified as the best performers in multiple OSCC cohorts and on a large number of the sample (n = 395 patients). The most widely implicated miRNAs in OSCC include miR‐7, miR‐16, miR‐24, miR‐27b, miR‐31, miR‐125a, miR‐184, miR‐191, miR‐200a, miR‐203, and miR‐223 . Salivary miR‐31 was significantly increased in patients with OSCC at all clinical stages, including tiny tumors and the results pointed towards a potential application of miR‐31 for early OSCC detection .…”

Section: Biomarkers In Oscc and Esccmentioning

confidence: 88%

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Khan

Relitti

Brindisi

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC.Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art Tuhina Khan and Nicola Relitti contributed equally to this work. and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC. K E Y W O R D S autophagy, autophagy modulators, biomarkers, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, exosomes, oral squamous cell carcinoma, targeted therapy 1 | INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity followed by verrucous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and small salivary adenocarcinoma. 1 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the first histological type and accounts for 80% of cases of esophageal cancer. 2 OSCC and ESCC are indicated as one of the most common cancers by the International Union Against Cancer with an annual incidence of 275 000 and 456 000 cases worldwide, respectively. 3,4 The primary etiology in both OSCC and ESCC is attributed to the environmental factors (tobacco abuse, alcohol consumption), genetic factors (eg, mutations in enzymes), viral factors (human papilloma virus [HPV] infection), and/or the coexistence of these factors. Alcohol intake and tobacco use are responsible for at least 75% of these carcinomas. The underlying initiation and progression mechanisms of OSCC and ESCC are generally characterized by the accumulation of serial epigenetic and genetic alterations, which eventually lead to uncontrolled proliferation of the mutated cells, followed by vigorous cell division. 5,7 Early-stage OSCC detection displays an 80% survival rate at 5 years, while detection at advanced stage leads to survival rates ranging from 20% to 40%. 6 In ESCC, the 5-year survival rate for early-stage detection may reach 85%, whereas a dr...

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Section: Biomarkers In Oscc and Esccmentioning

confidence: 88%

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Khan

Relitti

Brindisi

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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“…The salivariome is an umbrella term that incorporates multiple omic-natured studies under its belt, such as (1) genomics and epigenomics, (2) proteomics, (3) transcriptomics, (4) metabolomics, and (5) microbiome-based studies. 14 Despite their availability and accessibility, one of the major concerns with regard to biomarkers is intra-tumor heterogeneity, resulting in varying diagnostic frequency because of the branched evolution of the cancer cells where clones emerge from a common ancestor. 15 Thus, the biomarker must cope with such a heterogenic hitch and must be universally applicable and distinct, thus facilitating the physician-designed personalized medicine therapy for the affected individual.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circular RNA-miRNA Axis: A Special RNA Signature Regulatory Transcriptome as a Potential Biomarker for OSCC

Ramanathan

Velmurugan

Dhandapani

et al. 2020

Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly recurrent form of cancer arising from the oral epithelium, which is the result of mutational change due to etiological factors such as tobacco, smoking, chewing of areca nuts, and alcohol consumption. OSCC occurrence has been observed to be prevalent in different regions of Pacific countries and in most Asian countries. Despite the accessibility of the oral cavity, OSCC is diagnosed at an extremely late stage of pathogenic tumor node metastasis pTNM (III–IV), resulting in a poor prognosis for the individual. Therefore, it is important to make definitive, early, and efficient diagnoses. Owing to the development of omic-natured studies, the presence of proteins, transcribed elements, metabolic products, and even microflora detected in saliva helps us to select biomarkers, which is an especially exciting potential because of the availability and the non-invasive nature of sample collection. Since the discovery of circular RNA (circRNA) by Sanger sequencing, it has been reported to play a pivotal role in several human diseases, including cancer. circRNA functions as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge in the regulation of mRNA expression, forming the circRNA-miRNA regulatory axis. In the case of OSCC, overexpression of different circRNAs exhibits both tumor-progressive and tumor-suppressive effects.

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“…Despite the fact that most of the saliva’s analyte concentration can be lower compared to the blood samples, in the case of diagnosis of OSCC, this aspect is not considered a limitation as the local oral lesion is responsible for the specific changes in the saliva composition [ 22 ]. Still, the salivary liquid biopsy lacks important information related to the exact concentration of specific biomarkers that can certify a positive diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of OSCC Diagnosis: Salivary Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers

Roi

Negruţiu

et al. 2020

JCM

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Fast, economic, and noninvasive, molecular analysis of saliva has the potential to become a diagnostic tool of reference for several local and systemic diseases, oral cancer included. The diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) can be performed using high specificity and sensibility biomarkers that can be encountered in the biological fluids. Recent advances in salivary proteomics have underlined the potential use of salivary biomarkers as early diagnosis screening tools for oral neoplasia. In this respect, over 100 salivary molecules have been described and proposed as oral cancer biomarkers, out of which cytokines are among the most promising. Besides being directly involved in inflammation and immune response, the role of salivary cytokines in tumor growth and progression linked them to the incidence of oral malignant lesions. This review summarizes the existing studies based on the use of salivary cytokines as potential oral cancer biomarkers, their involvement in the malignant process based on their type, and ther influence upon prognostic and metastatic rates.

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Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Cancer

Cited by 9 publications

References 187 publications

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

The Circular RNA-miRNA Axis: A Special RNA Signature Regulatory Transcriptome as a Potential Biomarker for OSCC

The Challenges of OSCC Diagnosis: Salivary Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers

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