Salivary and serum antibodies to gliadin in the diagnosis of celiac disease

Hf, al-Bayaty; Aldred, MJ; Walker, DM; Rg, Newcombe; Swift, G. L.; Pm, Smith; Ciclitira, P.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb01556.x

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Salivary IgA AGA were assayed using a standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique as previously described. 21 For the serum assays, a commercial gliadin IgA ELISA test kit (Pharmacia) was used and a similar ELISA technique (in another laboratory) was used to measure serum IgG AGA. The results for each assay were expressed in optical density units and the results of saliva and serum antibodies from each group were compared and analysed by non-parametric means using the Mann-Whitney U test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary IgA antigliadin antibody as a marker for coeliac disease.

Hakeem

Fifield²,

al-Bayaty³

et al. 1992

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary IgA antigliadin antibody as a marker for coeliac disease.

Hakeem

Fifield²,

al-Bayaty³

et al. 1992

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…It could therefore be anticipated that IgA antibodies to gliadin would occur in saliva, and in the 1990s this possibility was explored in search of a noninvasive approach to screen for celiac disease ( 3). In two studies employing samples of unstimulated whole saliva, the discrimination of confirmed celiac patients was quite satisfactory, 99 or even better than by measurement of IgA antibodies in serum 100 . However, comparable studies employing stimulated parotid secretion showed only little, 101 or virtually no 102 elevation of IgA antibody levels to gliadin in contrast to the results obtained with serum ( 3).…”

Section: Function Of Salivary Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Do Salivary Antibodies Reliably Reflect Both Mucosal and Systemic Immunity?

Brandtzæg

2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

223

230

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Two major antibody classes operate in saliva: secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG. The former is synthesized as dimeric IgA by plasma cells (PCs) in salivary glands and is exported by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). Most IgG in saliva is derived from serum (mainly via gingival crevices), although some is locally produced. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation is an inadequate mode of stimulating salivary IgA antibodies, which are poorly associated with the intestinal SIgA response, for instance after enteric cholera vaccination. Nevertheless, the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the elevated levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system. Moreover, in patients with active celiac disease, IgA antibodies to disease-precipitating gliadin are reliably represented in whole saliva but not in parotid secretion. Parotid SIgA may be more consistently linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils and adenoids (human NALT), as supported by the homing molecule profile of NALT-derived B cell blasts. Also several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in oral secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite such problems, saliva remains an interesting biological fluid with great scientific and clinical potentials.

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“…Thus, the production of IgA antibodies to gluten (gliadin) that is induced in the gut of patients with coeliac disease, is reflected as diagnostic IgA titers in whole saliva (86, 87). Nevertheless, in subjects immunized orally with a cholera toxin (CT) B subunit–whole-cell Vibrio cholerae vaccine, the specific IgA antibody detection sensitivity in whole saliva was not better than in serum and only approximately 50% of that in intestinal lavage (88).…”

Section: Homing Of Activated B Cells To Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity

Brandtzæg

2013

Journal of Oral Microbiology

258

268

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The two principal antibody classes present in saliva are secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG; the former is produced as dimeric IgA by local plasma cells (PCs) in the stroma of salivary glands and is transported through secretory epithelia by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also named membrane secretory component (SC). Most IgG in saliva is derived from the blood circulation by passive leakage mainly via gingival crevicular epithelium, although some may be locally produced in the gingiva or salivary glands. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) do not contribute equally to the pool of memory/effector B cells differentiating to mucosal PCs throughout the body. Thus, enteric immunostimulation may not be the best way to activate the production of salivary IgA antibodies although the level of specific SIgA in saliva may still reflect an intestinal immune response after enteric immunization. It remains unknown whether the IgA response in submandibular/sublingual glands is better related to B-cell induction in GALT than the parotid response. Such disparity is suggested by the levels of IgA in submandibular secretions of AIDS patients, paralleling their highly upregulated intestinal IgA system, while the parotid IgA level is decreased. Parotid SIgA could more consistently be linked to immune induction in palatine tonsils/adenoids (human NALT) and cervical lymph nodes, as supported by the homing molecule profile observed after immune induction at these sites. Several other variables influence the levels of antibodies in salivary secretions. These include difficulties with reproducibility and standardization of immunoassays, the impact of flow rate, acute or chronic stress, protein loss during sample handling, and uncontrolled admixture of serum-derived IgG and monomeric IgA. Despite these problems, saliva is an easily accessible biological fluid with interesting scientific and clinical potentials.

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Salivary and serum antibodies to gliadin in the diagnosis of celiac disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Salivary IgA antigliadin antibody as a marker for coeliac disease.

Salivary IgA antigliadin antibody as a marker for coeliac disease.

Do Salivary Antibodies Reliably Reflect Both Mucosal and Systemic Immunity?

Secretory immunity with special reference to the oral cavity

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