Salivary Alterations of Myeloperoxidase in Patients with Systemic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Salivary myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key mediator of the oral immune system, acting as an enzyme that utilises H2O2 to generate molecules with high bactericidal activity. While MPO determination in plasma is quite common, the use of saliva is still rare. Our systematic review was designed to answer the question “Are salivary levels of myeloperoxidase altered in patients with systemic diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included twenty-six studies. Altered MPO levels in saliva were most commonly found in patients with cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Most studies concerned unstimulated whole saliva, and only a few of them stimulated, mainly by chewing paraffin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the most common method for determination of MPO concentrations in saliva. Increased salivary MPO levels were more often observed for inflammatory diseases, except patients with inflammatory bowel diseases who were eligible for biologic therapy. In conclusion, MPO could be altered in the saliva of patients with systematic diseases, especially cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases. However, further investigations are recommended to validate these outcomes.

The neuroinflammatory role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and their associated therapeutic targets

“…Hypersensitive techniques like single-molecular mass analysis (SIMOA) and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) can identify even the smallest variations in the Aβ plasma level in AD patients. 99,100 A more sensible strategy is to use multiple proteins in combination. 94,101 However, since the first AD prediction model consisting of 18 plasma biomarkers with multiple cytokines was proposed, only a small number of biomarker sets have shown consistent performance and good reproducibility.…”

“…However, since the first AD prediction model consisting of 18 plasma biomarkers with multiple cytokines was proposed, only a small number of sets of biomarkers have shown consistent performance and good reproducibility. Hypersensitive techniques like single‐molecular mass analysis (SIMOA) and immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) can identify even the smallest variations in the Aβ plasma level in AD patients 99,100 …”

Salivary Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

“…Saliva is an easily accessible body fluid with regular alterations in composition under different pathophysiological conditions [13]. The secretion and composition of saliva might be affected by various diseases, including gastrointestinal, thyroid, oncological, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological and other disorders [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Also, AD may influence these qualitative and quantitative salivary parameters.…”