Saliva protein profiling for subject identification and potential medical applications

Thomas, Christy; Giulivi, Cecilia R

doi:10.1016/j.meomic.2021.100012

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…However, it may also contribute to making analysis challenging [ 92 ]. A variety of analytical methods have been used to analyse and characterise the salivary proteome, including gel electrophoresis [ 93 ], liquid chromatography (LC) or two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) [ 94 ], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 91 ], nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [ 95 , 96 ], mass spectrometry (MS) [ 97 ], and immunological tests [ 98 ]. Three commonly used techniques are two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-E), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation–time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF/MS) [ 99 ].…”

Section: Salivary Proteomementioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics

2023

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The metabolomics and proteomics analysis of saliva, an excellent biofluid that is a rich source of biological compounds, allows for the safe and frequent screening of drugs, their metabolites, and molecular biomarkers of various diseases. One of the most frequently used analytical methods in saliva analysis is liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry. The low ionisation efficiency of some compounds and a complex matrix makes their identification by MS difficult. Furthermore, quantitative analysis by LC-MS frequently cannot be performed without isotopically labelled standards, which usually have to be specially synthesised. This review presented reports on qualitative and quantitative approaches in salivary metabolomics and proteomics. The purpose of this manuscript was to present the challenges, advances, and future prospects of mass spectrometry, both in the analysis of salivary metabolites and proteins. The presented review should appeal to those interested in the recent advances and trends in qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry in salivary metabolomics and proteomics, which may facilitate a diagnostic accuracy, the evaluation of treatment efficacy, the early diagnosis of disease, and a forensic investigation of some unapproved drugs for any medical or dietary administration.

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Section: Salivary Proteomementioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics

2023

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“…However, saliva sampling requires a standardization phase with the choice of a suitable device and an indication of the factors that can influence the salivary composition, such as blood contamination, a factor capable of invalidating the determination of the salivary biomarker [6]. The literature reports various applications of salivary dosages with a different clinical value in the diagnosis, in the monitoring of oncological, cardiovascular, autoimmune, viral and bacterial diseases, or in the assessment of the risk to of exposure to toxic substances [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Biomarkers Measured on Salivary Matrix: Study of Biological Variability in a Cohort of Young Subjects

Brescia,

Cazzolla,

Fontana

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Levels of bone turnover markers (BTM) can be measured using saliva. The aim of the present study was to determine the Biological Variability of BTM in young subjects, on serial biological salivary samples. Saliva samples of 20 apparently healthy young subjects (9 females and 11 males) have been analyzed. Samples collected using salivette with cotton swabs were obtained three times every 15 days. PTHrP; TRAcP-5b and P1NP have been assayed. The ANOVA test was used to calculate intra and interindividual variance (CVI and CVG). The individuality index (II) and reference change value (RCV) were evaluated for the clinically significant variation between two results in the same individual. CVI was highest for PTHrP and lowest for P1NP while CVG was highest for TRAcP-5b. RCV was maximum for PTHrP and minimum for P1NP. The critical difference (RCV) is of particular interest in evaluating variations in the concentrations of BMT on the salivary matrix during oral pathologies and/or dental treatments The salivary dosage of BMT during dental treatments could be fundamental to establishing establish the timing of the treatment and, in the case of orthodontic treatments, to evaluate the effectiveness of the applied forces.

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Starch treatment improves the salivary proteome for subject identification purposes

Smith

Giulivi

2023

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Identification of subjects, including perpetrators, is one of the most crucial goals of forensic science. Saliva is among the most common biological fluids found at crime scenes, containing identifiable components. DNA has been the most prominent identifier to date, but its analysis can be complex due to low DNA yields and issues preserving its integrity at the crime scene. Proteins are emerging as viable candidates for subject identification. Previous work has shown that the salivary proteome of the least-abundant proteins may be helpful for subject identification, but more optimized techniques are needed. Among them is removing the most abundant proteins, such as salivary α-amylase. Starch treatment of saliva samples elicited the removal of this enzyme and that of glycosylated, low-molecular-weight proteins, proteases, and immunoglobulins, resulting in a saliva proteome profile enriched with a subset of proteins, allowing a more reliable and nuanced subject identification.

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Saliva protein profiling for subject identification and potential medical applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 95 publications

Qualitative and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics

Qualitative and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics

Bone Biomarkers Measured on Salivary Matrix: Study of Biological Variability in a Cohort of Young Subjects

Starch treatment improves the salivary proteome for subject identification purposes

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