Qualitative and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics

Abstract

The metabolomics and proteomics analysis of saliva, an excellent biofluid that is a rich source of biological compounds, allows for the safe and frequent screening of drugs, their metabolites, and molecular biomarkers of various diseases. One of the most frequently used analytical methods in saliva analysis is liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry. The low ionisation efficiency of some compounds and a complex matrix makes their identification by MS difficult. Furthermore, quantitative analysis by LC-MS frequently cannot be performed without isotopically labelled standards, which usually have to be specially synthesised. This review presented reports on qualitative and quantitative approaches in salivary metabolomics and proteomics. The purpose of this manuscript was to present the challenges, advances, and future prospects of mass spectrometry, both in the analysis of salivary metabolites and proteins. The presented review should appeal to those interested in the recent advances and trends in qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry in salivary metabolomics and proteomics, which may facilitate a diagnostic accuracy, the evaluation of treatment efficacy, the early diagnosis of disease, and a forensic investigation of some unapproved drugs for any medical or dietary administration.

Salivary Proteome and Intact N-Glycopeptides Analysis Reveal Specific Signatures in Periodontitis

“…However, 15.3% of DEPs (cluster 2) were only increased in mild/moderate periodontitis, while 1.5% of proteins were only altered in severe (cluster 9) or aggressive (clusters 3 and 4) periodontitis. Previous studies have reported alterations in saliva proteins such as DMBT1, mucin 5B, mucin 7, lactoferrin, and MMP-8 in periodontal diseases. − Recently, it was reported that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), S100A8, α-1-acid glycoprotein (A1AGP), and pyruvate kinase could differentiate health from gingivitis and periodontitis, and mild to moderate from advanced periodontitis . Our study displayed the gradual increase of salivary MMP-8, S100A8, and pyruvate kinase (cluster 5) from mild/moderate to severe and aggressive periodontitis, while DMBT1, mucin 5B, and mucin 7 (cluster 8) were equally decreased in these three types of periodontitis.…”