Saliva: A Cutting Edge in Diagnostic Procedures

Sindhu, Senthamil; Jagannathan, Nithya

doi:10.1155/2014/168584

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Many biomarkers have been found in saliva and some of these were shown to be involved in periodontal disease (Giannobile et al 2009). The salivary concentrations of these immunoglobulins increase in periodontitis which decreases following periodontal therapies (Sindhu and Jagannathan, 2014). As seen in this study, salivary IgA decreased in periodontal patients compared to the normal people (without periodontal disease).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and salivary IgA with periodontal disease

Karimi¹,

Elyahoo²,

Golchin³

et al. 2017

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm

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Psychological stress, if sustained over an extended period of time can have deleterious effects on the body. Psychological stress has been implicated as risk indicators for periodontal disease. So, the aim of the current study was to determine the relationship of stress, anxiety and depression level and salivary IgA with periodontal disease. A total 30 patients who referred to periodontology included to the study and divided into 2 experimental groups. Group control patients do not suffer from any periodontal disease and patients CAL up 3 millimeters or more and BOP in upper teeth (case group). All cases were evaluated for stress, anxiety and depression level by DASS42 test. Salivary samples were obtained using spitting method and IgA level is determined with ELISA. Data was analyzed by 2 and Mendle-hazel tests. The patients suffering from periodontal disease were not encountering higher level of stress and anxiety (P=0.3). People suffering periodontal disease (86.7%) were depressed while 60% of people neither periodontal disease nor depressed (P=0.1). A signifi cant difference detected in salivary IgA level in control group (312.66+107.3) compared to case group (207.95+57.21) (P=0.001). Conclusion: these results suggested a correlation exists between incidence of the periodontal disease and immunity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…There are numerous specifi c and nonspecifi c biomarkers affecting the biofi lm which is a plaque formed by aggregates of proteins and micro bacterium. The major specifi c defense factors of saliva are the IgA, IgG, and IgM (Sindhu and Jagannathan, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and salivary IgA with periodontal disease

Karimi¹,

Elyahoo²,

Golchin³

et al. 2017

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm

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“…Host biomarkers detected in ex vivo samples such as serum, plasma, saliva and other effusions have shown potential in the diagnosis of TB disease [ 11 – 14 ]. Although saliva has been shown to be an important diagnostic fluid in numerous diseases, including systemic, oral infections, and HIV [ 15 ], not much has been done on this potentially valuable sample type in the TB field. Saliva is an easily obtainable sample and can be collected non-invasively with limited training and basic equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Potential of Novel Salivary Host Biomarkers as Candidates for the Immunological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease and Monitoring of Tuberculosis Treatment Response

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThere is an urgent need for new tools for the early diagnosis of TB disease and monitoring of the response to treatment, especially in resource-constrained settings. We investigated the usefulness of host markers detected in saliva as candidate biomarkers for the immunological diagnosis of TB disease and monitoring of treatment response.MethodsWe prospectively collected saliva samples from 51 individuals that presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of TB disease at a health centre in Cape Town, South Africa, prior to the establishment of a clinical diagnosis. Patients were later classified as having TB disease or other respiratory disease (ORD), using a combination of clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. We evaluated the concentrations of 69 host markers in saliva samples using a multiplex cytokine platform, and assessed the diagnostic potentials of these markers by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, and general discriminant analysis.ResultsOut of the 51 study participants, 18 (35.4%) were diagnosed with TB disease and 12 (23.5%) were HIV infected. Only two of the 69 host markers that were evaluated (IL-16 and IL-23) diagnosed TB disease individually with area under the ROC curve ≥0.70. A five-marker biosignature comprising of IL-1β, IL-23, ECM-1, HCC1 and fibrinogen diagnosed TB disease with a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% CI,76.7–99.9%) and specificity of 89.7% (95% CI, 60.4–96.6%) after leave-one-out cross validation, regardless of HIV infection status. Eight-marker biosignatures performed with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 83.2–100%) and specificity of 95% (95% CI, 68.1–99.9%) in the absence of HIV infection. Furthermore, the concentrations of 11 of the markers changed during treatment, indicating that they may be useful in monitoring of TB treatment response.ConclusionWe have identified novel salivary biosignatures which may be useful in the diagnosis of TB disease and monitoring of the response to TB treatment. Our findings require further validation in larger studies before these biosignatures could be considered for point-of-care screening test development.

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“…Individu yang sangat rentan terhadap karies gigi sering berhubungan dengan penurunan protein saliva seperti PRP1, PRP3, histatin 1, dan staterin. 7,8 Para peneliti yang terlibat dalam mendiagnosa penyakit periodontal menyelidiki kemungkinan penggunaan saliva untuk mendeteksi penyakit periodontal. Sekresi dari kelenjar saliva yang memiliki jumlah protein dan peptida yang besar berperan dalam menjaga integritas rongga mulut.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Penyakit ini berkem-bang ke arah kerusakan tulang yang ditandai, mobilitas dan kehilangan gigi. 7,9 Gambar 2. Gigi yang mengalami penyakit 10 Pembentukan biofilm oral dan pertahanan host yang disekresikan oleh saliva memiliki peran penting dalam pembentukan dan perkembangan penyakit periodontal.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Saliva as a Potential Diagnostic of Biomarker of Oral and Systemic Diseases

2016

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Saliva is a biological fluid that is secreted by the major, minor and other accessories salivary glands. Saliva has a high potential as an indicator that reflects the health of our body. Saliva also plays an important role as a protector, lubricate oral structure with mucin, set a neutral pH through the buffer capacity, clean the oral cavity, stimulate wound healing, help the taste buds in the taste of food, facilitate the process of chewing food, form a bolus and make it easier swallowing, and minimize food particles through the activity of the enzyme amylase and lipase. The use of saliva as a biomarker in diagnosing provide more advantages than the serum and other body fluids due to using non-invasive techniques, cost-efficient, as well as methods for collecting samples for disease screening without the need to train professional personnel. The benefits derived from the saliva as a biomarker are early detection and screening of disease to the development of caries, periodontal disease, tumors and malignancy, hereditary, wound healing, autoimmune disease, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, drug monitoring, forensic, and the psychological influence. At this time, the function of saliva as a diagnostic biomarker is not widely known, therefore the development of salivary further enhance because it can produce functional similarities with serum and reflect the body's physiological status in the oral cavity and systemic disease.

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Saliva: A Cutting Edge in Diagnostic Procedures

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and salivary IgA with periodontal disease

Relationship between stress, anxiety, depression and salivary IgA with periodontal disease

Diagnostic Potential of Novel Salivary Host Biomarkers as Candidates for the Immunological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease and Monitoring of Tuberculosis Treatment Response

Saliva as a Potential Diagnostic of Biomarker of Oral and Systemic Diseases

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