Salinity tolerance and osmoregulation inSalamandra salamandra (L.) from different populations

Quantum control of coupled two-electron dynamics in quantum dots

“…However, we would like to point out that the technique of using backward updates has proven to be quite effective in simpler systems, acquiring extremely high yields. [4,16] Tests using a basis of only a few states confirmed this also in our system.…”

“…[3] In the present work we optimize time-dependent transitions to more complex target states and compare various strategies of optimization including frequency-selective control algorithms. [4] We show that more advanced control strategies lead to a factor of 7 faster transition times than previously reported using intuitively constructed pulses. In the second part we address the application of quantum control inside regions of anticrossings.…”

“…given to full order in Degani et al [4] Although the simple iteration method described above is not guaranteed to converge monotonically, it works quite well for the system at hand. In fact this feature might even be desirable, as it acts as a 'shake-up' of the numerical calculations:…”

Occurrence of Amphibians in Saline Habitats: A Review and Evolutionary Perspective

“…It has been proposed, for example, that Bufotes viridis initially evolved in aquatic environments with fluctuating salinity and then dispersed to arid environments once this adaptation to increased ion concentrations had evolved (Hoffman 2014). Degani (1981) found support for a link between aridity and salinity tolerance in Salamandra salamandra, as salamanders from semiarid areas of Israel were more tolerant of saline aquatic conditions than were animals from moist habitats. When explicitly testing this exaptation hypothesis with the toad Epidalea calamita, however, Gomez-Mestre and Tejedo (2005) could find no support for it and concluded that drought tolerance and salinity tolerance may have evolved independently in this species.…”

Ecological, Biological and Genetic Adaptation to Xeric Habitats of <i>Salamandra infraimmaculata</i> on the Southern Border of Its Distribution

“…Therefore, the growth rate and complete metamorphosis of salamander larvae are not according to area but to type of breeding place, which is affected by the ecological conditions at each specific breeding place ( Figure 15). On the other hand, the physiological adaptation of terrestrial life differs among S. infraimmaculata from various areas ( Figure 16) [29] [30] [32]. In semi-arid areas, the terrestrial phase …”