Salinity, groundwater, and water uptake depth of plants in coastal uplands of Everglades National Park (Florida, USA)

Saha, Sonali; Sadle, Jimi; Heiden, Craig van der; Sternberg, L. O.

doi:10.1002/eco.1494

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This community is most often found in irregularly flooded areas [ 35 ] and is the least salt- and inundation-tolerant of the three mangrove species found in south Florida [ 36 ]. Buttonwood/Glycophyte Forest: Buttonwood ( Conocarpus erectus L.) is the dominant canopy species of buttonwood forests, but other woody species and a diverse herbaceous understory are also found in this community [ 37 ]. Temperature, salinity, tidal fluctuation, substrate, and wave energy influence the size and extent of buttonwood forests [ 38 ], which often grade into salt marsh, coastal berm, rockland hammock, coastal hardwood hammock, and coastal rock barren [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This community sustains freshwater flooding during the wet season and is dry during the dry season [ 38 ]. Buttonwood forests (mean elevation 29 ± 3 cm) maintain an average groundwater table of −33 ± 1 cm and (26–29.5) ± 0.4‰ groundwater salinity [ 7 , 37 ]. Buttonwood/Halophyte Forest: C. erectus is the only canopy tree species in buttonwood/halophyte forests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Bi-Seasonal WorldView-2 Multi-Spectral Data and Supervised Random Forest Classification to Map Coastal Plant Communities in Everglades National Park

Wendelberger

Gann

Richards

2018

Sensors

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Coastal plant communities are being transformed or lost because of sea level rise (SLR) and land-use change. In conjunction with SLR, the Florida Everglades ecosystem has undergone large-scale drainage and restoration, altering coastal vegetation throughout south Florida. To understand how coastal plant communities are changing over time, accurate mapping techniques are needed that can define plant communities at a fine-enough resolution to detect fine-scale changes. We explored using bi-seasonal versus single-season WorldView-2 satellite data to map three mangrove and four adjacent plant communities, including the buttonwood/glycophyte community that harbors the federally-endangered plant Chromolaena frustrata. Bi-seasonal data were more effective than single-season to differentiate all communities of interest. Bi-seasonal data combined with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) elevation data were used to map coastal plant communities of a coastal stretch within Everglades National Park (ENP). Overall map accuracy was 86%. Black and red mangroves were the dominant communities and covered 50% of the study site. All the remaining communities had ≤10% cover, including the buttonwood/glycophyte community. ENP harbors 21 rare coastal species threatened by SLR. The spatially explicit, quantitative data provided by our map provides a fine-scale baseline for monitoring future change in these species’ habitats. Our results also offer a method to monitor vegetation change in other threatened habitats.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Bi-Seasonal WorldView-2 Multi-Spectral Data and Supervised Random Forest Classification to Map Coastal Plant Communities in Everglades National Park

Wendelberger

Gann

Richards

2018

Sensors

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“…It is possible that within the hardwood hammock, buttonwood cannot successfully compete with other species for water available in the shallow vadose zone and as a result makes use of deeper groundwater. In coastal buttonwood hammocks of Everglades National Park, buttonwood was found to use a high percentage of groundwater in the dry season and switched to soil water in the wet season (Saha et al, 2015), although the salinity underlying sites in ENP was much higher (~ 30 ppt) in comparison to that of the hammock sites in this study (~ 8 ppt). In the supratidal scrub community, buttonwood used a smaller proportion of groundwater throughout the study, though groundwater use varied widely by site and sampling period.…”

Section: Plant Water Source Partitioningcontrasting

confidence: 70%

The Effect of Disturbance and Freshwater Availability on Lower Florida Keys’ Coastal Forest Dynamics

Ogurcak¹

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th century has been attributed to a combination of sea level rise and hurricane storm surge impacts, but the interactions between these two disturbances leading to forest decline are not well understood. The goal of my research was to assess their effects over a period spanning more than two decades, and to examine the relationships between these press and pulse disturbances and freshwater availability in pine rockland, hardwood hammock, and supratidal scrub communities. Impacts and recovery from two storm surges, Hurricanes Georges (1998) and Wilma (2005), were assessed with satellite-derived vegetation indices and multiple change detection techniques. Impacts were greater at lower elevations, and in hardwood hammock, spectral signatures indicative of plant stress and productivity returned to predisturbance levels within a few years. In pine rockland, impacts were predominately related to Hurricane Wilma, however, a similar return to pre-disturbance conditions was absent, suggesting that trajectories of disturbance recovery differed between the two communities. Long-term monitoring of forest composition, structure, and groundwater salinity showed that compositional shifts in the low shrub stratum were associated with ix salinization of the freshwater resource attributable to sea level rise. Throughout the course of twelve months of climate and groundwater monitoring (2011)(2012), groundwater salinity generally decreased in response to large precipitation events.Modeling of geophysical data indicated that groundwater salinity was an important predictor of community type. Isotopic analysis of δ 18 O in plant stem water and foliar δ 13 C was used to determine temporal and spatial patterns in water use and plant stress in two community dominants, slash pine, Pinus elliottii var. densa, and buttonwood, Conocarpus erectus. Both species relied heavily on groundwater, and plant stress was related to increasing groundwater salinity. The results of this work suggest that the interaction of press and pulse disturbances drive changes in community composition by causing mortality of salt-sensitive species and altering the freshwater resource.x forests that require freshwater inhabit a unique position on low-elevation limestone islands as glycophyte-dominated forests located in close proximity to saline water.Coastal forests in the greater Caribbean basin are also subject to periodic disturbance from hurricanes and tropical storms, but which typically are not stand-replacing events (Brokaw and Walker, 1991;Yih et al., 1991;Bellingham et al., 1992). Collectively, these forests are high in species diversity , 2006). These conditions would favor a combination of disturbance, 2 drought, and salinity tolerant species, as groundwater salinity increases (Guha and Panday, 2012) and coastal forests are exposed more frequently to major storms, with shrinking recovery periods between such events (Lugo, 2000). Additionally, the interaction of press and pulse events will increase the likelihood of surface inundation by salt w...

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“…In contrast, Saha et al (2011) ranked it as moderately vulnerable to sea level rise (vulnerable habitat and coastal only populations, but more than one occurrence and many individuals). Additional discussions of potential habitat vulnerability to sea level rise effects are found in Saha et al (2014a) and van der Heiden et al (2015). In 2007, 4505 seeds from 42 maternal lines were collected in EVER by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and sent to the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation for storage (Goodman et al 2007).…”

Section: History In Evermentioning

confidence: 99%

Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) of Mahogany Hammock, Everglades National Park, Florida

Zona

Sadle²

2017

Evansia

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were coauthors both on IRC's book Rare Plants of South Florida (Gann et al. 2002) and Floristic Inventory of South Florida Database Online (Gann et al. 2001(Gann et al. -2014, without which this project would not have been possible.Bruce Hansen at the University of South Florida readily supplied herbarium label data and helped resolve confusing historical and taxonomic problems. Alan Franck, also at USF, and Mark Strong at the Smithsonian Institution, also provided herbarium label data, scans of images and other taxonomic assistance. The FNPS herbarium database online, which is managed by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and the National Park Service, was indispensable to the project. Brett Jestrow at Fairchild provided label data and a review of specimens at FTG, and Fairchild interns Kristen Finch and Brittany Harris helped with rare plant ranking using the new NatureServe methodology, literature searches, and other tasks. Special thanks to Anne Frances and Amanda Treher of NatureServe and Amy Jenkins of FNAI for helping to normalize and update global, national and state ranks of rare plants. Jennifer Possley of Fairchild was of particular help working through some of the fern accounts. Celio Moya assisted with obtaining updated rare plant data from Cuba.

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Salinity, groundwater, and water uptake depth of plants in coastal uplands of Everglades National Park (Florida, USA)

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Using Bi-Seasonal WorldView-2 Multi-Spectral Data and Supervised Random Forest Classification to Map Coastal Plant Communities in Everglades National Park

Using Bi-Seasonal WorldView-2 Multi-Spectral Data and Supervised Random Forest Classification to Map Coastal Plant Communities in Everglades National Park

The Effect of Disturbance and Freshwater Availability on Lower Florida Keys’ Coastal Forest Dynamics

Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) of Mahogany Hammock, Everglades National Park, Florida

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