Salicylic Acid, Yersiniabactin, and Pyoverdin Production by the Model Phytopathogen<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pv. tomato DC3000: Synthesis, Regulation, and Impact on Tomato and<i>Arabidopsis</i>Host Plants

Jones, Alexander M.; Lindow, Steven E.; Wildermuth, Mary C.

doi:10.1128/jb.00827-07

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For phytopathogenic bacteria, the importance of siderophores in pathogenesis has been documented for Erwinia chrysanthemi (also known as Dickeya dadantii) and Erwinia amylovora (18), but siderophores do not play a significant role in Erwinia carotovora infection of potato (10). In addition, Pvd biosynthetic mutants in distinct Pseudomonas syringae pathovars tested on different hosts yield very different results (e.g., [14,30,51,53]). One possible explanation for a lack of virulence phenotype in single-siderophore mutants is the compensatory action of other high-affinity siderophores.…”

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“…However, little is known regarding its means of iron acquisition in planta. Herein, we build on our previous work (30) showing Ybt is dispensable for DC3000 growth both in iron-limited culture and in planta to determine the complement of DC3000 siderophores required for bacterial iron nutrition in iron-limited culture and whether these siderophores, singly or in combination, may be virulence determinants.…”

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“…Initial confirmation of loss of pyoverdin in the P Ϫ mutant was by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis as described previously (30). Briefly, 1-ml aliquots of low-iron liquid cultures were collected and 1 mM FeCl 3 was added.…”

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“…Higher-order mutants were created in the same manner as single mutants, with mutation of the pchA gene last. Creation of the Y Ϫ mutant through mutation of the pchA gene was described previously (30). The wt fecA gene was restored to F Ϫ mutants on the broadhost-range, gentamicin (Gen)-resistant pBBR1MCS-5 vector (34).…”

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The Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Has Three High-Affinity Iron-Scavenging Systems Functional under Iron Limitation Conditions but Dispensable for Pathogenesis

Jones

Wildermuth

2011

J Bacteriol

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High-affinity iron scavenging through the use of siderophores is a well-established virulence determinant in mammalian pathogenesis. However, few examples have been reported for plant pathogens. Here, we use a genetic approach to investigate the role of siderophores in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) virulence in tomato. DC3000, an agronomically important pathogen, has two known siderophores for highaffinity iron scavenging, yersiniabactin and pyoverdin, and we uncover a third siderophore, citrate, required for growth when iron is limiting. Though growth of a DC3000 triple mutant unable to either synthesize or import these siderophores is severely restricted in iron-limited culture, it is fully pathogenic. One explanation for this phenotype is that the DC3000 triple mutant is able to directly pirate plant iron compounds such as heme/hemin or iron-nicotianamine, and our data indicate that DC3000 can import iron-nicotianamine with high affinity. However, an alternative explanation, supported by data from others, is that the pathogenic environment of DC3000 (i.e., leaf apoplast) is not iron limited but is iron replete, with available iron of >1 M. Growth of the triple mutant in culture is restored to wild-type levels by supplementation with a variety of iron chelates at >1 M, including iron(III) dicitrate, a dominant chelate of the leaf apoplast. This suggests that lower-affinity iron import would be sufficient for DC3000 iron nutrition in planta and is in sharp contrast to the high-affinity iron-scavenging mechanisms required in mammalian pathogenesis.Pathogenic microorganisms must acquire all critical nutrients from the host environment in order to survive. Iron nutrition in particular presents a fundamental challenge due to its extremely low solubility in aerobic environments at moderate pHs (ϳ10 Ϫ9 M) and further host limitation of available free iron (e.g., ϳ10Ϫ18 M in mammalian fluids [22,44]). Most bacteria require much higher levels (i.e., 10 Ϫ6 to 10 Ϫ7 M of bioavailable iron) for optimal growth (24) and therefore must solve an iron supply problem for survival. There is abundant evidence that competition for iron is a key virulence determinant in mammalian pathosystems. Iron in human serum is predominantly complexed with transferrin protein (pFe ϭ 10 22 M [1]) and is therefore limited from invading pathogens. The human immune system can limit iron further through release of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin at the site of infection (57). Evading these defenses, several mammalian pathogens pirate host-synthesized heme for iron nutrition directly from host fluids (20). Alternatively, pathogenic bacteria can scavenge iron from host fluids using very high-affinity iron carriers termed siderophores that can effectively compete with host iron chelates for iron. Siderophores are low-molecular-weight compounds that are synthesized, exported from the bacterial cell, and then imported once bound to iron (43). As this strategy carries metabolic costs associated with siderophore synthesis and transp...

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The Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Has Three High-Affinity Iron-Scavenging Systems Functional under Iron Limitation Conditions but Dispensable for Pathogenesis

Jones

Wildermuth

2011

J Bacteriol

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“…(Persmark et al, 1989); Agrobactina, isolado de Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Ong et al, 1979); Yersiniabactina, produzido por Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, inicialmente caracterizado em Yersinia pestis (Crosa e Walsh, 2002b;Jones et al, 2007); Desferrioaxima E, produzido por Erwinia amylovora (Smits e Duffy, 2011); Acromobactina, produzido por DIckeya dadantii e Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a (Franza et al, 2005;Berti e Thomas, 2009) Os sideróforos, uma vez sintetizados, são exportados para o espaço extracelular, onde complexam átomos de ferro disponíveis.…”

Section: Mecanismos De Captação E Armazenamento De Ferro Em Bactériasunclassified

Captação de ferro e efeito desse metal para crescimento e morfologia de Xylella fastidiosa

Chaves¹

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Dedico esse trabalho à minha família, minha fortaleza e inspiração. AgradecimentosPrimeiramente gostaria de agradecer à minha família, pai, mãe, irmã, vó e todo mundo mais, pelo suporte e pelo amor, por tudo, sem vocês esse trabalho não teria se concretizado.Quero agradecer muito à minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Aline Maria da Silva por tudo, os ensinamentos, o ambiente de trabalho, tudo tudo tudo. Também quero agradecer ao Dr.Paulo Adriano Zaini, pelas conversas, dicas e compreensão, pela ajuda e disponibilidade sempre. Outra pessoa muito importante a quem eu quero agradecer é a minha amiga Dra.Marilene Silva Oliveira, pela amizade e presença incondicionais, pelos conselhos e ajuda com experimentos, e tudo mais, muito muito muito muito obrigado. Agradeço também ao técnico do nosso laboratório, Alexandre Sanchez, pela eficiência e prestatividade e aos grupos de pesquisa liderados pelos professores Dr. Walter Terra, Dra. Regina Lúcia Baldini, Dra. SuelyLopes Gomes e Dra. Glaucia Mendes Souza, pelos equipamentos e reagentes disponibilizados.Quero agradecer muito aos meus amigos, que foram força e companhia quando eu precisei, e quando eu não precisei também. Muito obrigado ao pessoal da HGF, André, Marcelo e Vitor, por serem presentes, amigos, família. Quero agradecer também a outras pessoas muito importantes e que também estiveram comigo ao longo dessa jornada, Lucas, por ter vivido isso comigo, Tati, pessoas que me ajudaram/ajudam a acreditar, mesmo nos momentos mais difíceis. Também quero agradecer aos amigos do IQ, aos amigos do lab, Rodrigo, Paulo, Ana, Luciana, Oséias, Wesley, Joaquim, Deibs, Fernando, Alê, pela ajuda e por produzirem um ambiente de trabalho agradável e estimulante. Finalmente, quero agradecer a um grupo de pessoas que foram muito importantes anteriormente ao mestrado, mas cuja importância ainda se faz presente. Muito obrigado ao Prof. Dr. Fernando Fortes Valência, por ter salvado minha graduação; à Júlia, por ter me dado qualquer apoio que eu precisasse, bem no comecinho de tudo; ao pessoal de uma república muito louca onde eu morei; à Liviazinha, que me abriu os olhos há muito tempo atrás; à Ju, que me ensinou a pipetar; à Isa, que me deu uma visão mais realista de trabalho; as minhas ex-orientadoras de Iron is an essential nutrient for bacteria, being involved in many metabolic processes. Despite its low solubility, bacteria present efficient and specific systems for uptake, utilization and storage of iron, meanwhile controlling metal concentration adequately to prevent potential toxic effects of free iron. Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram-negative bacterium which colonizes the xylem of a wide range of crops and wild species of plants worldwide. This bacterium is the agent of several diseases affecting economically important crops, such as citrus, grapevine and coffee. Among the proposed X. fastidiosa virulence mechanisms is the formation of biofilm which may oclude xylem vessels causing hydric stress. It is postulated that iron uptake might cause reduction of its concentration within the xyle...

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Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

2018

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Edited by Wilhelm JustPlant immune receptors enable detection of a multitude of microbes including pathogens. The recognition of microbes activates various plant signaling pathways, such as those mediated by phytohormones. Over the course of coevolution with microbes, plants have expanded their repertoire of immune receptors and signaling components, resulting in highly interconnected plant immune networks. These immune networks enable plants to appropriately respond to different types of microbes and to coordinate immune responses with developmental programs and environmental stress responses. However, the interconnectivity in plant immune networks is exploited by microbial pathogens to promote pathogen fitness in plants. Analogous to plant immune networks, virulence-related pathways in bacterial pathogens are also interconnected. Accumulating evidence implies that some plant-derived compounds target bacterial virulence networks. Thus, the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks intimately interact with each other. Here, we highlight recent insights into the structures of the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks and the interactions between them. We propose that small molecules derived from plants and/or bacterial pathogens connect the two molecular networks, forming supernetworks in the plant-bacterial pathogen holobiont.

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Salicylic Acid, Yersiniabactin, and Pyoverdin Production by the Model PhytopathogenPseudomonas syringaepv. tomato DC3000: Synthesis, Regulation, and Impact on Tomato andArabidopsisHost Plants

Cited by 60 publications

References 81 publications

The Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Has Three High-Affinity Iron-Scavenging Systems Functional under Iron Limitation Conditions but Dispensable for Pathogenesis

The Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Has Three High-Affinity Iron-Scavenging Systems Functional under Iron Limitation Conditions but Dispensable for Pathogenesis

Captação de ferro e efeito desse metal para crescimento e morfologia de Xylella fastidiosa

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

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