Salicylic acid mediated changes in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Cicer arietinum L.

Abstract

417Salicylic acid (SA) is considered to be a potent plant hormone because of its diverse regulatory roles in plant metabolism (Hayat et al. 2010). SA is an endogenous plant growth regulator of phenolic nature that possesses an aromatic ring with a hydroxyl group or its functional derivative. SA is known to affect growth and bioproductivity in the crops (Hayat et al. 2010). It is also recognized that SA potentially generates a wide array of metabolic responses in plants and also affects photosynthetic parameters and plant water relations (Fariduddin et al. 2003, Hayat et al. 2005. The oxidative damage caused to the plants due to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species under stressful environment could be mitigated by the external application of SA (Hayat et al. 2010). A large body of literature demonstrates the effect of SA seed soaking on plant growth and development. However, very little is known about the effect of SA applied to foliage on plant growth and development. Keeping in view the diverse physiological roles played by SA, the present research was undertaken to improve our understanding of the effect of the various concentrations of SA applied as foliar spray on the growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation and its assimilation in chickpea and to screen for the most effective concentration of SA. MATERIAL AND METHODSPlant material and growth condition. The certified seeds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. Avarodhi were purchased from the National Seed Corporation Ltd., New Delhi, India. The seeds were surface sterilized with 0.01% mercuric chloride solution followed by inoculation with Rhizobium and were sown in earthen pots (0.254 m in diameter) filled with sandy loam soil and farmyard manure (6:1) arranged under a simple randomized block design in the net house of the Botany Department of Aligarh Muslim University, India during the winter season (November-February). The temperature was 15-25°C and irrigation was done on alternate days during the experiment. At the stage of 30 days after sowing (DAS), the foliage of the plants was sprayed uniformly either with double distilled water (control), ethanol (5%), Tween-20 (0.5%) or with different concentrations (10 -4 , 10 -5 or 10 -6 mol/L) of SA dissolved in ethanol to elucidate the effect of exogenous SA on plants. The plants were sampled at 90 DAS to assess various growth and physiological parameters. Tween-20 was used as a surfactant. Both ethanol and Tween 20 were sprayed separately to see whether the effects are solely by SA or by the combination of these.Salicylic acid mediated changes in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Cicer arietinum L. ABSTRACTThe present study reveals that the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), irrespective of the concentration used, generated an increase of dry mass per plant, nodule dry mass and leghemoglobin content in chickpea plants. The activity of nitrogenase (E.C 1.18.6.1), nitrate reductase (NR) (E.C. 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS) (E.C 6.3.1.2), ...

Changes in light quality alter physiological responses of soybean to thiamethoxam

“…4a, b). This is also consistent with the studies of SA showing that SA applied exogenously increases leaf N level (Hayat et al 2012) and SAdeficient mutants display lower levels of leaf N compared to wild type (Abreu and Munné-Bosch 2009). The reduced shoot C level under FR-E light (Fig.…”

Inducción de respuesta de defensa en plantas de tomate contra Forl por extracto de ajo

“…This result is in agreement with the results of the present study, which show that the highest SA values were quantified the third week after treatment application. The protective effect against Forl in plants treated with EA, which improved their growth and development, was also reported by Hayat et al, (2012), who by increasing endogenous SA concentrations were able to significantly improve plant growth characteristics, including height, leaf number and color, shoot diameter, dry and fresh weight, and photosynthetic rate.…”

“…Coincidiendo con el resultado obtenido en este estudio, los valores más altos de AS se cuantificaron a la tercer semana después de la aplicación del tratamiento. El efecto protector contra Forl, que mostraron las plantas tratadas con el EA, manifestado en mejora en el crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta, también fue reportado por Hayat et al, (2012), al aumentar concentraciones endógeno de AS, mejoró significativamente las características de crecimiento de las plantas incluyendo la altura, el número y color de hojas, el diámetro del vástago, el peso seco y fresco de la planta, así como también la tasa fotosintética. Para el caso de los resultados de este estudio, el incremento en la concentración de AS coincide con la mejora del desarrollo de la planta, así como la resistencia al patógeno, lo que concuerda con el papel importante reportado del AS en la acción protectora contra patógenos.…”

Inhibition and kinetic studies of cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes ofGanoderma boninenseby naturally occurring phenolic compounds

“…), and Cicerarietinum (Hayat et al . ). The exogenous application of phenolic compounds is also accountable for the increase in the production of the defence enzymes and the lignin content in plants (Shabana et al .…”

“…The exogenous application of phenolic compounds increases the growth of various plants such as Brassica juncea (Fariduddin et al 2003), and Cicerarietinum (Hayat et al 2012). The exogenous application of phenolic compounds is also accountable for the increase in the production of the defence enzymes and the lignin content in plants (Shabana et al 2008), since they are involved in the signal transduction as well as in the lignin synthesis pathway.…”